Worksheet 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?
The cocci (round), bacillus (rod shaped), and spirochetes (cork screw shaped)
What is the gram stain?
A series of washes on a bacteria that can either be gram positive or gram negative
What color does a gram positive test become?
Reddish and darker
What color does a gram negative test become?
Pinkish or lighter
What is the point of the Gram stain?
Used to determine specific groups of pathogenic bacteria
What does it mean if a bacteria is gram positive?
Has a thicker cell membrane
What does it mean if a bacteria is gram negative?
Has a thinner cell wall
What happens to O2 at higher altitudes?
The oxygen gas pressure decreases
What is the PO2 formula?
The percentage of sea level gas by the entire atmospheric pressure
Why is Mt. Everest so difficult to climb?
The atmospheric pressure is under 1/3rd of sea level
What do the gas exchange of CO2 and O2 operate by?
Diffusion
Does ventilation increase or decrease oxygen pressure in the lungs?
Increase
What can help increase gas diffusion?
Alveoli and capillary cells
Why are birds more efficient in their respiration?
Birds have a 2 way flow of air
What is the parabronchi?
Straw like shapes that allow fresh air to come in one end and exit the other end
What is the function of the nares?
An opening for air exchange
What is the pharynx?
The common opening between the respiratory and digestive system
What is the larynx?
A box which contains the vocal cords
What is the trachea
The bronchi and a series of bronchioles which conduct air in and out of the lungs
What are the alveoli?
Grape like clusters of simple squamous epithelium where gases are exchanged
Where does gas exchange take place?
In the alveoli
What is a surfactant?
An enzyme produced by cells in the alveoli which disrupts hydrogen bonds in water and prevents the collapse of the alveoli
What happened in the 1875 flight of the Zenith balloon
The balloon rose too high and all but one of the passengers survived in the atmosphere with little oxygen
What is the mucus escalator?
An entrapment of microbes and air particle in the respiratory lining
