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Biology 156 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is microevolution?

A

Evolution observed at the species level or above.

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2
Q

What is the genus and species of all dogs?

A

Canis Lupus Familiaris

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3
Q

What species are humans in?

A

Homo sapiens

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4
Q

What do microevolutionary studies often use?

A

Genetic investigations that examine physical, behavioral, and physiological traits.

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5
Q

What is macroevolution?

A

Examines the species and above.

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6
Q

What is natural selection?

A

First supported mechanism for evolution.

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7
Q

What is evolution?

A

Changes in population over generations.

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8
Q

Who was natural selection developed by?

A

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace

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9
Q

What are the requirements for natural selection?

A
  1. Inheritable variations of traits
  2. Not all survive or reproduce
  3. Gradual changes in population over time
  4. Consistent traits
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10
Q

What are the outcomes of natural selection?

A

New types and species over time.

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11
Q

What is transmutation?

A

Formation of new species.

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12
Q

Where was support for natural selection found?

A

Comparative anatomy, embryology, fossil records, biogeography, and molecular support.

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13
Q

What is comparative anatomy?

A

How traits resemble yet differ in form and function Ex: Teeth

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14
Q

What is embryology?

A

The formation and development of an embryo.

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15
Q

How does embryology support natural selection?

A

There are similar embryology developmental stages in animals.

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16
Q

How do fossil records support natural selection?

A

Supports a common history of different organisms. Many transitional forms connecting old organisms with new organisms.

17
Q

Who was Thomas Huxley?

A

A scientist who linked birds to dinosaurs with the Archaeopteryx.

18
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

2 different organisms with distinct lineages having similar forms due to natural selection.

19
Q

How does biogeography help with natural selection?

A

Shows how different organisms were distributed about the planet.

20
Q

What is molecular support for evolution?

A

DNA sequence comparisons, fingerprinting, protein sequences, and RNA

21
Q

What did Carl Woese produce?

A

The first genetic tree of life.

22
Q

What are the 3 modern domains of life?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

23
Q

What is an example of natural selection?

A

Pronghorns the fastest animal in North America became fast from now extinct cheetahs in North America.

24
Q

What is migration in evolution?

A

The mixing and interbreeding of 2 different populations.

25
Q

What is the gene flow?

A

The mixing of population genetics with one another.

26
Q

What is a genetic drift?

A

Random changes in a population’s allele frequencies.

27
Q

What is an example of a genetic drift?

A

Cheetah’s suffered from a disease in the 1900s causing a population crash.

Fruit fly from Asia landed in Hawaii and 1000 species came from one species.

28
Q

What is considered to be the ultimate source of genetic variation?

A

Mutations

29
Q

What are the 3 outcomes of mutation?

A

Neutral - No impact on survival ex: tongue rolling
Detrimental - Decrease survival ex: cytosine fibrosis
Beneficial - Increase survival

30
Q

What is non-random mating?

A

Produces distinctions between male and female traits in animals. Female selects the male with the best physical traits.

Ex: Elk and deer have antlers

Biology 156 (30 decks)

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