Protein Synthesis and DNA Flashcards
What is protein synthesis?
The process of making protein from RNA.
What is transcription?
When a gene coded in DNA is used to make a blueprint for RNA.
What is the mRNA?
The messenger RNA.
What is translation?
When the mRNA blueprint is used to form a protein.
What is a protein?
A complete and functional set of polypeptides.
What is a similarity between DNA and RNA?
They are both nucleotides.
What does a nucleotide contain?
A nitrogenous base, five carbon sugars, and a phosphate.
What are the difference between DNA and RNA
DNA has deoxyribose as the sugar while RNA has ribose. DNA is two sided and RNA is one sided.
What are the bases of DNA?
A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine).
What are the bases of RNA?
A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), U (Uracil), G (Guanine).
What does Adenine pair with in DNA?
Thymine (T)
What does Cytosine pair with in DNA?
Guanine (G)
What does Adenine pair with in RNA?
Uracil (U)
What does Cytosine pair with in RNA?
Guanine (G)
What is the purpose of a non-sense strand?
It serves as a template for producing mRNA.
What is the purpose of the sense strand of DNA?
It provides the code to make protein.
What is an example of a non-sense strand?
A C G T C G T T C G G C
What is an example of a sense strand?
T G C A G C A A G C C G
What does the DNA Helicase do?
Opens the gene sequence of DNA.
What does the RNA Polymerase do?
Forms the mRNA blueprint using RNA nucleotides.
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA. Has matching bases to mRNA codons that bring specific amino acids.
What is rRNA?
Ribosomal RNA. Reads codons and forms polypeptides.
What are the 3 steps of protein formation?
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination.
What happens at initiation?
The first amino acid arrives at the site of protein synthesis (ribosome)
