Lab Practical Flashcards
What are the steps of the scientific method?
Introduction (The background), Set up and Procedures (The Conditions), Results (The data), Conclusion (Interpretation of results)
What is natural causality?
For all natural phenomena there are underlying causes.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable statement.
Parts of microscope
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from higher to lower concentrations. Does not require energy.
What are hypotonic solutions?
In hypotonic solutions water will flow into the cells causing the cell to gain volume. Solutes cannot cross the membrane in hypotonic solutions. Causes the cell to bloat.
What are isotonic solutions?
In isotonic solutions there is no flow in or out of the cell. The solute concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell. Solutes cannot cross the membrane.
What are hypertonic solutions?
Solutions with a flow of water out of the cell. The cell will lose volume. Causes the cell to shrivel.
What influence does molecular weight have?
Heavier molecules move more slowly and diffuse more slowly. The same can be said for the opposite.
What are gametes?
A single gene. Ex: A or a
What are genotypes?
The genetic makeup. Ex: Aa, aa, AA
What are the ranges for ketones?
High Carb Ketone Levels - 0.1 to 0.5 mmol
Nutritional Ketone Levels - 0.6 to 3.0 mmol
Starvation Ketone Levels - 3.1 to 5.0 mmol
Ketoacidosis Levels - Above 5.5 mmol
What happens when you are not in the normal ketone range?
Can cause metabolic issues usually associated with diabetes
What is the normal uric acid range?
Men - 3.5 to 7.2 mg/dL
Women - 2.6 to 6.0 mg/dL
What does it mean if you are not in the normal uric acid range?
May mean an increased risk for kidney stones or gout.
What is the normal blood glucose range?
Fasting Normal - Less than 100 mg/dL
Non Fasting Normal - Under 140 mg/dL
What does it mean if you are not in the normal blood glucose range?
High levels can mean you have insulin sensitivity or diabetes (Type 2)
What influences do CO2 and O2 have on the heart rate?
If there is a lack of O2 the heart rate increases to make up for the lack
What is the Wim Hof breathing method and what were its effects?
Do around 30 or 40 short quick breaths before exhaling and holding your breath. This method has been known to reduce stress, improve the immune system, allow for better sleep, etc.
Why are developmental stages similar in many animals?
Animals have developed from common ancestors that have passed down similar traits.
What is selection?
The best fit animals will survive
What is adaptation?
When a species changes to better suit its environment
What is popular variation?
How do mutations and genetic drifts influence evolution?
