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Biology 156 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main role of the digestive system?

A

To take in and process organic molecules and water for nutrients and energy

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2
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

A tube like opening which nutrients and water pass for processing

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3
Q

What are accessory organs?

A

Organs that have a function in the digestive system that are not part of the alimentary canal

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4
Q

What are the accessory organs?

A

The liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and salivary glands

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5
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produces bile

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6
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Stores bile

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7
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Produces several digestive enzymes and pancreatic bicarbonate

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8
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands?

A

There are 3 pairs which secrete saliva into the mouth

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9
Q

What is the lumen?

A

The opening of the alimentary canal. (Highly folded in most area increasing the surface area for digestion and nutrient absorption)

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10
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Smooth muscle contractions within the alimentary canal that move food and water through it

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11
Q

What the 4 steps of the digestive system?

A

Ingestion, digestion, assimilation, and elimination

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12
Q

What happens during ingestion?

A

We intake organic molecules and water

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13
Q

What happens during digestion?

A

We breakdown organic molecules

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14
Q

What happens in mechanical digestion?

A

We make smaller pieces of large nutrients or mix them

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15
Q

What happens during chemical digestion?

A

Polymer units of organic molecules are broken into smaller units

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16
Q

What happens during assimilation?

A

Smaller digested molecules are absorbed into the tissues

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17
Q

What happens during elimination?

A

Non-digested matter and other material are removed

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18
Q

What is the function of the oral cavity?

A

Moves food around for chewing and produces a reaction to move for to the pharynx

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19
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

Moistens food and begins chemical digestion in the mouth

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20
Q

What does saliva consist of?

A

Mucus, water, and salivary amylase

21
Q

What is the function of salivary amylase?

A

Breaks down starch into glucose

22
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Opening behind the mouth of the digestive system and respiration system

23
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

Shuts over the trachea to prevent food and water from going down it

24
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

No digestion, food and water move along here through peristaltic waves

25
Q

What is the stomach?

A

Large muscular organ

26
Q

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

A

Protects the cells from immediate digestion

27
Q

What is pepsinogen?

A

Converts into pepsin and begins the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

28
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter valve?

A

Relaxes allowing food to move into the small intestine

29
Q

What is the chyme?

A

Partially digested food in the stomach

30
Q

What is rugosa?

A

Folds in the interior of the stomach to increase surface area

31
Q

What are ulcers?

A

Parts of the epithelial lining are digested which causes burning in the stomach

32
Q

What is H. Pylori?

A

Bacteria which induces ulcers when there is overgrowth

33
Q

What the small intestine subsections?

A

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

34
Q

What is the villi?

A

Finger-like folded projections

35
Q

What is the microvilli?

A

Further folding within the lumen or columnar epithelial cells

36
Q

What do enzymes go through to reach the duodenum?

A

The pancreatic duct

37
Q

What do enzymes from the pancreas help with?

A

They help with the digestion of proteins, carbs, lipids, RNA, and DNA

38
Q

What does Pancreatic Bicarbonate do?

A

Neutralizes the HCl in the stomach

39
Q

What does bile come through from the gall bladder?

A

The common bile duct

40
Q

What is bile?

A

An emulsifier

41
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Mixes fat into micro droplets which can be more effectively be digested by lipase

42
Q

What is the appendix?

A

A reduced bit of a large cecum

43
Q

What is the colon?

A

The large intestine where a majority of the gut flora lives

44
Q

What is the function of gut flora?

A

Feeds upon our foods and breaks down certain plant fibers. Makes short fatty acid chains as well as certain vitamins. Also influences the production of hormones and neurotransmitters and improves health.

45
Q

What is the main function of the rectum?

A

Absorb more water and where non-digested matter is compacted

46
Q

What 2 anal sphincter muscles regulate elimination?

A

The skeletal and smooth muscle

47
Q

What are some of the things in waste?

A

Water, protein, fibrous, etc.

48
Q

What is the satiety index?

A

How well foods influence the feeling of fullness

49
Q
A

Biology 156 (30 decks)

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