Digestive System

Question 1

What is the main role of the digestive system?

Answer 1

To take in and process organic molecules and water for nutrients and energy

Question 2

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 2

A tube like opening which nutrients and water pass for processing

Question 3

What are accessory organs?

Answer 3

Organs that have a function in the digestive system that are not part of the alimentary canal

Question 4

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 4

The liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and salivary glands

Question 5

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 5

Produces bile

Question 6

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 6

Stores bile

Question 7

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 7

Produces several digestive enzymes and pancreatic bicarbonate

Question 8

What is the function of the salivary glands?

Answer 8

There are 3 pairs which secrete saliva into the mouth

Question 9

What is the lumen?

Answer 9

The opening of the alimentary canal. (Highly folded in most area increasing the surface area for digestion and nutrient absorption)

Question 10

What is peristalsis?

Answer 10

Smooth muscle contractions within the alimentary canal that move food and water through it

Question 11

What the 4 steps of the digestive system?

Answer 11

Ingestion, digestion, assimilation, and elimination

Question 12

What happens during ingestion?

Answer 12

We intake organic molecules and water

Question 13

What happens during digestion?

Answer 13

We breakdown organic molecules

Question 14

What happens in mechanical digestion?

Answer 14

We make smaller pieces of large nutrients or mix them

Question 15

What happens during chemical digestion?

Answer 15

Polymer units of organic molecules are broken into smaller units

Question 16

What happens during assimilation?

Answer 16

Smaller digested molecules are absorbed into the tissues

Question 17

What happens during elimination?

Answer 17

Non-digested matter and other material are removed

Question 18

What is the function of the oral cavity?

Answer 18

Moves food around for chewing and produces a reaction to move for to the pharynx

Question 19

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 19

Moistens food and begins chemical digestion in the mouth

Question 20

What does saliva consist of?

Answer 20

Mucus, water, and salivary amylase

Question 21

What is the function of salivary amylase?

Answer 21

Breaks down starch into glucose

Question 22

What is the pharynx?

Answer 22

Opening behind the mouth of the digestive system and respiration system

Question 23

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 23

Shuts over the trachea to prevent food and water from going down it

Question 24

What is the esophagus?

Answer 24

No digestion, food and water move along here through peristaltic waves

Question 25

What is the stomach?

Answer 25

Large muscular organ

Question 26

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

Answer 26

Protects the cells from immediate digestion

Question 27

What is pepsinogen?

Answer 27

Converts into pepsin and begins the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

Question 28

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter valve?

Answer 28

Relaxes allowing food to move into the small intestine

Question 29

What is the chyme?

Answer 29

Partially digested food in the stomach

Question 30

What is rugosa?

Answer 30

Folds in the interior of the stomach to increase surface area

Question 31

What are ulcers?

Answer 31

Parts of the epithelial lining are digested which causes burning in the stomach

Question 32

What is H. Pylori?

Answer 32

Bacteria which induces ulcers when there is overgrowth

Question 33

What the small intestine subsections?

Answer 33

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 34

What is the villi?

Answer 34

Finger-like folded projections

Question 35

What is the microvilli?

Answer 35

Further folding within the lumen or columnar epithelial cells

Question 36

What do enzymes go through to reach the duodenum?

Answer 36

The pancreatic duct

Question 37

What do enzymes from the pancreas help with?

Answer 37

They help with the digestion of proteins, carbs, lipids, RNA, and DNA

Question 38

What does Pancreatic Bicarbonate do?

Answer 38

Neutralizes the HCl in the stomach

Question 39

What does bile come through from the gall bladder?

Answer 39

The common bile duct

Question 40

What is bile?

Answer 40

An emulsifier

Question 41

What is the function of bile?

Answer 41

Mixes fat into micro droplets which can be more effectively be digested by lipase

Question 42

What is the appendix?

Answer 42

A reduced bit of a large cecum

Question 43

What is the colon?

Answer 43

The large intestine where a majority of the gut flora lives

Question 44

What is the function of gut flora?

Answer 44

Feeds upon our foods and breaks down certain plant fibers. Makes short fatty acid chains as well as certain vitamins. Also influences the production of hormones and neurotransmitters and improves health.

Question 45

What is the main function of the rectum?

Answer 45

Absorb more water and where non-digested matter is compacted

Question 46

What 2 anal sphincter muscles regulate elimination?

Answer 46

The skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 47

What are some of the things in waste?

Answer 47

Water, protein, fibrous, etc.

Question 48

What is the satiety index?

Answer 48

How well foods influence the feeling of fullness