Genetics Flashcards
What are co-dominant traits?
When two traits are expressed in heterozygote individuals
What is an example of a co-dominant trait?
AB blood type.
What is incomplete dominance?
When the heterozygote is distinct from homozygous forms.
What is an example of incomplete dominance?
Wavy hair.
What are polygenic traits?
More than one gene determines a trait
What are examples of polygenic traits?
Height, Hair color, Eye color, Etc.
What are environmental influences?
Factors that are not inherited that can influence things such as height, heart disease, etc.
What is an example of an environmental influence?
Nutrition.
What are pleiotropic traits?
Where one gene determines more than one trait.
What is an example of a pleiotropic trait?
XX = Female and Y = Male
How is eye color regulated?
It is regulated by 2 genes. The + allele = more pigment and the - allele = less pigment.
What are genes?
The basic units of heredity.
What are alleles?
Distinct forms of specific genes.
What are diploids?
Two copies of a trait.
Are somatic cells diploids or haploids?
Diploids.
What are haploids?
One gene copies.
Are gametes diploids or haploids?
Haploids.
What does homozygous mean?
There are 2 copies of the same allele.
What does heterozygous mean?
There are 2 different alleles.
What are genotypes?
Allele forms which an individual can carry.
What are phenotypes?
The physical expression of a gene.
What are dominant traits?
Traits where the phenotype is expressed whether it is homozygous or heterozygous.
What are recessive traits?
Traits which are only expressed when the genotype is homozygous.
What is true breeding?
Crossing 2 recessive individuals.
