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Biology 156 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are co-dominant traits?

A

When two traits are expressed in heterozygote individuals

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2
Q

What is an example of a co-dominant trait?

A

AB blood type.

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3
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When the heterozygote is distinct from homozygous forms.

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4
Q

What is an example of incomplete dominance?

A

Wavy hair.

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5
Q

What are polygenic traits?

A

More than one gene determines a trait

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6
Q

What are examples of polygenic traits?

A

Height, Hair color, Eye color, Etc.

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7
Q

What are environmental influences?

A

Factors that are not inherited that can influence things such as height, heart disease, etc.

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8
Q

What is an example of an environmental influence?

A

Nutrition.

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9
Q

What are pleiotropic traits?

A

Where one gene determines more than one trait.

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10
Q

What is an example of a pleiotropic trait?

A

XX = Female and Y = Male

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11
Q

How is eye color regulated?

A

It is regulated by 2 genes. The + allele = more pigment and the - allele = less pigment.

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12
Q

What are genes?

A

The basic units of heredity.

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13
Q

What are alleles?

A

Distinct forms of specific genes.

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14
Q

What are diploids?

A

Two copies of a trait.

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15
Q

Are somatic cells diploids or haploids?

A

Diploids.

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16
Q

What are haploids?

A

One gene copies.

17
Q

Are gametes diploids or haploids?

A

Haploids.

18
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

There are 2 copies of the same allele.

19
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

There are 2 different alleles.

20
Q

What are genotypes?

A

Allele forms which an individual can carry.

21
Q

What are phenotypes?

A

The physical expression of a gene.

22
Q

What are dominant traits?

A

Traits where the phenotype is expressed whether it is homozygous or heterozygous.

23
Q

What are recessive traits?

A

Traits which are only expressed when the genotype is homozygous.

24
Q

What is true breeding?

A

Crossing 2 recessive individuals.

25
Q

What is the blending theory of inheritance?

A

That offspring are a blend of parental traits.

26
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

Testing the cross of one trait type.

27
Q

What is the principle of segregation?

A

Traits do not blend together but remain distinct.

Biology 156 (30 decks)

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