Organic Molecules Flashcards
What are the 4 basic categories of organic molecules?
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
What are polymers?
Many units of a type of molecule.
What are monomers?
Single unit of a type of molecule.
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids.
What is the monomer of Polysaccharides?
Monosaccharides.
What are the monomers of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides.
What is a dehydration reaction?
Removing water from monomers to make H2O and covalently bond to form polymers.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Breaking a covalently bonded polymer to make monomers and break down a water.
What are carbohydrates?
5 or 6 Carbon molecules in a ring form with H+ and OH- attached.
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Energy and assisting with cell receptors.
What is used for immediate use for energy?
Glucose.
What is used for stored energy?
Glycogen.
What is starch?
A stored polymer in plants.
What are proteins?
Amino acids with a 2 carbon chain and a carboxyl group and the R group.
What are the functions of proteins?
Repair and build tissues and muscle, speed up reactions, connect tissues, regulate ion movement, detect specific chemicals, regulate the body, support the cell, remove dirt, and can be used as energy.
What is an enzyme?
A protein that speeds up reactions.
What are tight junctions?
Proteins that connect tissue between cells.
What are transport proteins?
Proteins that regulate the movement of ions across the membrane.
What are cell receptors?
Proteins that detect specific chemicals for the cell.
What is the cytoskeleton?
A protein network that supports the cell.
What are motor proteins?
Proteins that walk the cytoskeleton and transport materials.
What are the flagella and cilia?
Proteins along the respiratory tract that remove dirt and pollutants.
When is protein used for energy?
When eating lot of it, when in severe starvation, when there are metabolic issues of some kind.
