Work Flashcards
define work
A physical or mental effort or activity to produce or accomplish something. An economic necessity vital for some people
Categories of work
Paid
Unpaid
Voluntary
Examples of unpaid work
Housework
Caring for older relative
Reasons why people work,
High status/ identity in society eg Garda
Earn money for basic needs
Increased standard of living (disposable income)
Make friends and social contact
Use of educational qualification
Rewarding sense of satisfaction eg nurse
What is Job satisfaction
Degree of enjoyment people get from work
What is intrinsic satisfaction
Joy in completing a job regardless of financial gain
Joy in finding it rewarding and having a high self esteem eg nurse, teacher
What is extrinsic satisfaction
Joy in benefits associated with a job rather than the job itself eg high wages, bonuses, company car
People will stay in a monotonous job for the benefits
Effects of low Job satisfaction
Lack of motivation and work ethic
Produce inferior work
Taking extended breaks, dossing, days off
Speaks negatively about the business = customer loss
How does socio economic background affect attitude to work and work attainment
Higher socio economic background will have more supports and the opportunity for education for high paid jobs
Lower socio economic backgrounds are less likely to have these supports so will have lower opportunities
How does social contact impact attitude to work
Opportunities to make friends with similar interest
Loss of work cab lead to loneliness and isolation
How work attitude affects attitude to work and work attainment
Includes good attitude to work
This is attractive to employers that the employee is hardworking, honest, respectful to authority and willing to learn)
Developed in home and school
What does a good attitude to work look like
Puntual
Good attendance
Loyal
Motivated
How do working conditions affect attitude to work
Safe, clean, friendly workspace creates happy employees who are more productive
Less motivated in hostile environment
Factors affecting work attitudes and work attainment
Job satisfaction Socio economic background Social contact Work ethic Working conditions Personal identity
Maximum weekly working hours
48 hours
How working hours vary from job to job
Flexible (flexible, part time, job share)
Work from home
Typical 9-5
How employee participation varies from job to job
Having a say in decisions empowers workers and makes them feel valued.
They will have increased confidence and productivity and loyalty knowing ideas taken on board
In many workplaces it is still not valued and certain people maintain authority and power
How manual work varies from job to job
Labour intensity varies eg bricklayer vs manager
Labour intense jobs less common due to technology
Safer due to technology
How stress levels vary from job to job
Stress caused by high responsibility and long working hours
Impact of stress on work
Reduction in productivity
Physical health affected eg CHD
Mental health affected
Family relationships affected (long hours)
How entitlements vary from job to job
All employees entitled to fair treatment and not to be exploited
Legislation governs this and ensures legal entitlements are received
How technology has impacted work availability and work (positive)
Cleaner, healthier, safer work environment. Eliminated dangers in human error and accidents. Less physically strenuous
More accurate eg stitching on jeans
Increased productivity
Reduces employee working hours
Increase in job opportunities for 3rd level workers
Reduces labour cost for employers
How technology has impacted work availability and work (negative)
Initial cost and upkeep of machinery
Reduced social interaction
Increased unemployment rates among uneducated workers
Mundane and repetitive jobs (ensuring machines are functioning properly) = low job satisfaction
Reason for decline in workers working in primary ec ac
Technological advancements
Reasons for decline in workers working in secondary ec ac
Technological development
Global competition = relocate where labour and materials are cheap
Reasons for increase in tertiary ec ac
Growth in work economy
Irish government giving grants = attracting companies
Higher disposable income means more money to be spent on goods and services
Increased tourism
How have educational requirements increased to obtain employment
Necessary for employment
Reduction in trade as less of a rush to enter world of work
Minimum of 3rd level needed for most employments
More and more people advancing onto 3rd level
Prohibiting uneducated from job progression
Ireland’s well educated workforce attracts MNCs
Factors effecting increase of women in the workforce
Social acceptance Economic necessity (dual income) Higher education attainment Childcare supports Part time and job sharing (work/life balance)
What was stated in marriage ban 1933
Women had to resign from their jobs when they married
Homemakers
When was marriage ban 1933 lifted
1970s
How has higher education attainment increased number of women in the workforce
More are advancing to 3rd level
Improved value on job market
More opportunities
Childcare supports available for working women
Crèche facilities in workplace
ECCE Scheme
Effects of working part time and job sharing
Can affect pension entitlements and retirement age
How do women still experience inequality in the workplace
Little room for promotion
Fewer women in authoritative role
Example of flexible working times
Flexi-time Job-sharing Part-time Parental leave Career break Work from home
Parental leave entitlements
18 weeks per child per parent
What does Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Acts 2005 and 2010 set out
Rights and obligations of employers and employees to maintain health and safety
Employers: - provide instruction + training on h&s eg heavy lifting… - provide protective clothing and equipment eg goggles
Employees: - not engage in improper behaviour putting themselves or others at risk … - not be under the influence of drugs or alcohol at work
Legislation governing minimum wage
National Minimum Wage Act 2000
€10.10 /h adults
Legislation governing health and safety
Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Acts 2005 and 2010
Legislation governing employee inequality
Employment Equality Act 198-2015
Act bans discrimination against
Gender Age Disability Civil status Race Sexual orientation Family status Religion Member of travelling community
Legislation governing youth employment
Protection of Young Persons (Employment) Act 1996
Under 18 minimum wage
€7.07 /h
Maximum working hours a week for 14-15 year olds
35 during school holidays
40 as part of work experience
(8am-8pm)
Maximum working hours a week for 16-17year olds
40
6am-10pm
Rest intervals 14-15 year olds
30 mins every 4 hours
Rest intervals 16-17 year olds
30 mins every 4.5 hours
Role of unpaid work in the community
Reduces reliance on state resources eg home help nurses freeing them up for other people
Role of voluntary work in the community
Services to disadvantaged and underprivileged
Complements work of government eg focus Ireland provides temporary accommodation while people wait for social housing
Services that should be provided for by state eg Ronald Mc Donald house
Awareness of problems through fundraisers
Advice to government eg simon community about reducing homelessness
Benefits of voluntary work to the volunteer
Boost mood and self esteem (rewarding and fulfilling)
Learn skills eg patience, communication, team work
Friendships, mutual purpose, sense of belonging
Empathy when see the difficulties faced by others
Benefits of voluntary work for the community
Quick service to disadvantaged and underprivileged
Improves community eg tidy towns
Sense of community - woke together to achieve common goal
Creates friendships and sense of community
Advantages of dual income households
More disposable income
Equal involvement in parenting
Joint responsibilities of household tasks (gender equality)
Parents show good work ethic = good role models
Disadvantages of dual income household
Role overload Role conflict Estar responsibility on older kids Lonely and neglected felt in childcare Vulnerable family,y members cared for outside home
