The Family, the family as a UNIT Flashcards
Define family
A group of people related to each other by blood, marriage or adoption
Family of orientation
Family you’re born into
Family of procreation
Family you make
Family of affinity
Family by choice eg close friends
Types of families
Nuclear (parents and children)
Extended
One parent families
Blended families (two parents and kids from previous relationships)
Classic extended family
Related by blood, marriage or adaption and living in the same home or close by
Modified extended family
Related by blood, marriage or adoption and are separated geographically
Why was living with extended family prevkisky more popular
Economically interdependent on family business eg farming
Reason for one parent family
Death Separation Divorced Unplanned pregnancy Choice
One parent family struggle
Often headed by women
Often live with parents for support eg chikdcare
Often depend on social welfare (one parent family scheme)
Loneliness and sole responsibility
Why did blended families become more popular
Divorce legalised in 1996
Struggle of blended family
More children to provide for
Conflict
Biological parent relationship may be difficult
Talk about families from 1900-1960 (pre industrial)
Large, extended family, under one roof
Arranged marriages for economic benefit (dowry)
7-9 kids, strong influence by Catholic Church so contraception not permitted
Low wages, damp, cold houses, no proper sanitation facilities, high infant mortality
Patriarchal, submissive wives, men=breadwinners, women=worked at home
Talk about families from 1960-1990 (post industrial)
Moved away from rural extended family to urban nuclear family due to seeking employment
Choosing own partner
4-6 kids, contraception more available as decreased influence by Catholic Church
Regular dependable wage, home had electricity, better sanitation facilities, introduction of medical card in 1970 - drop in infant mortality
Less patriarchal as women’s right had improved, still segregated roles despite increase in opportunities for women
Talk about a modern family (1990-today)
Nuclear, one parent, blended, increased social acceptance of divorce, same sex marriage
Choose own partners, secular society (not bound by religious rule), cohabit and not marrying, acceptable to divorce and remarry
1.4 children, contraception widely available, many women chose careers instead
Dual income, homes better insulated, high sanitation standards, Heath services and new treatment, homeless crisis
Few patriarchal, increase opportunities for females, equal say in management of home regardless of gender
What does secular society mean
Not bound by religious rule
Social changes affecting modern family structures
Marital breakdown - increase in one parent and blended family
Changing role of women - fewer children as women chose to establish career, role reversal eg stay at home dad
Same sex marriage and adoption - increase in families headed by same sex couples
Rules regarding same sex couple adoption
By 2020 both parents will have name put on birth cert but at present only one (egg/sperm holder if in clinical) may be named
economic changes affecting modern family structures
The economy - during recession 15% unemployment, now more employment and dual income, less reliance on social welfare
State benefits eg one parent family payment
High cost of living - families must budget to get needs, may use social help, can cause stress, children are expensive-less being had
Technological changes changing family structure
Communication eg Skype to keep in touch with extended
Automated household appliance eg dishwasher means more time for leisure
Entertainment eg tv, Netflix, gaming means less interaction and weaker bond, obesity (less physical activity)
Family functions
Physical (needs;shelter, food, warmth, clothing//safe environment for vulnerable//procreation)
Emotional (loving and caring home//express emotions and feelings//be listened to, increasing self esteem and confidence)
Social function (children should learn socially acceptable behaviour to fit into society//show discipline to know what’s right and wrong)
Economic function (support children until 18 or 23// parent(s) work)
Educational function (family are primary educator// should praise, encourage and challenge children// parents support school)
Who are vulnerable members of family
Children
Elderly
Disabled
What do parents teach children so they fit into world
Society’s norms, customs because children observe and imitate parents
Now state assists family to provide physical need
Social welfare eg child benefit
HSE developmental examinations to children up to 3
Community mothers programme (disadvantaged area)
Child and family agency (Tulsa) May place children in care if unfit environment
How does state assist family provide emotional function
HSE parenting programmes
How does state assist family achieve social function
Pre schools, primary and secondary schools encourage socialisation
If children aren’t moral they break the law and judicial system gets involved. Detention centre
How does state help provide Economic function of family
Social welfare
How does state help provide educational function
Early childhood care and education scheme (free paid education for 3 to school going age)
Free full time primary
Free full time post primary
Supports for children with special needs
Roles and responsibilities of children
Learn to behave in socially acceptable way
Simple chores
Learn morals
Roles and responsibilities of adolescent
Extra responsibility eg babysitting Input in family decisions to moderaste their own behaviour in preparation for adult life Be role models for siblings Follow school rules Woke hard in schools
Parents role and responsibilities
Care for spouse Reproduce Provide financially Provide safe loving home Teach children norms and values
Grandparent role and responsibilities
Help children financially (high living cost)
Pass wisdom and values
Child minding
Emotional support
In return children will help when they are dependent.
Changes in gender roles
Improved equality laws
Changed attitudes towards women
Increased education and job opportunities for women
Increased one parent families (taking on both roles)
Economic changes in family
Both parents work to provide
Children are dependent for longer due to college
Social welfare to meet needs
Child depends on parent for physical needs
Which are….
Food for growth
Shelter for safety and warmth
Clothing for modesty and protection
Children depend on parents for psychological needs, which are …
Provide loving and supportive environment where it’s safe to express feelings
Pass on norms, values, beliefs, social skills
Act as role models, what children base future behaviour on
Create fun learning environment with encouragement and praise
5 rights of children within the family
The right to a name and nationality
The right to live with their parents unless against their best interest
The right to food, shelter, clothing
The right to protection against abuse and neglect
The right to education, leisure and cultural activity
Causes of conflict between adolescent and parent
Independence (ready to make own choice, parents not ready to relinquish control)
Peers (no longer solely influenced by parents)
Relationships (parents fear teenage pregnancy and STDs)
Social media (parents fear safety, online bullying)
Employment (own money, too much time working and not enough studying)
Dealing with conflict
Avoid angry confrontation - take a min to calm down
Communication - both sides even chance
Empathy - see from their POV
Compromise - meet in middle
Involve both parties in setting new rules and consequences
Importance of good communication in family
Clarifies rules and expectations
Helps build trust
Develops skills - listening, speaking without shouting
Supports for elderly to maintain independence
Supportive family and neighbours
Housing options
Voluntary services eg meals on wheels
Social welfare eg fuel allowance
Community care services eg home help
Medical cards for over 70
Free travel for over 65
Difficulties faced by a family member with special needs
Lack of mobility Lack of independence Social isolation Travel long distances to attend special schools Fewer employment opportunities
Difficulties faced by the family when a family member has special needs
Isolation and exhaustion (primary careers, no time off)
Reduction in income
Increased expenditure on special equipment, social welfare and grands available
Stress and guilt (hard to split time between family members)
How the family members can respond to the needs of a family member with special needs
Adapt home eg wheelchair accessible
Encourage independence wherever possible
Provide emotional support
Ensure all social welfare payments and support are availed of
May chose to stay at home
Statutory services for disabled
National disability authority
Special schools
HSE
Citizens information board
What does national disability authority do
Provides advice to government on disability policy eg disability services, employment opportunities
Centre for Excellence in Universal Design - universal design of buildings, products and services to be accessible to all
Voluntary services for disabled
Rehab
Enable Ireland
What does rehab do
National learning network: training programmes eg certified computer courses
Rehab enterprises : employs people with disabilities in a range of business eg retail
Rehab centre: health care service, respite
What is respite
Short term accommodation in a facility outside the home giving temporary relief
What does Enable Ireland do
Early services team: up to 6, individual programme go maximise their mobility, play, communication and social skills
Respite breaks
Literacy and computer training for adults with disabilities
