Elective: Social Change And The Family - Social Change In Ireland Flashcards
Why has there been rural to urban settlement
Technology advances in agriculture = less farmers needed as machined do work
MNCs locate in urban areas (educated workforce, good infrastructure)
Better services in urban eg hospital
Better amenities eg gym, playground
Selection for education
Impact of rural to urban migration on rural areas
Depopulated - brain drain Service cut backs Reduced amenities Reduced government funding Marriage and birth rate decline
Impact of rural to urban migration on urban areas
Lots of services Accesible amenities Employment opportunities- more competition Traffic congestion Pollution
Prevent population decline
Rural resettlement programme, rural resettlement Ireland (RRI) assists families eg furniture removal, advice
Improved infrastructure to encourage business investment eg M6 Dublin to Galway
Why has there been a reduction in working hours
European and Irish legislation governing maximum working hours (no more than 48h a week otherwise overtime and must be paid accordingly)
Legislation governing holiday entitlements (4 weeks paid leave, sick, maternity, holiday)
Introduction of flexible working hours eg flexitime
Recession = unemployment and less hours
Impact of reduction in working hours on family life
Increase leisure time (quality family time)
Reduces stress - relaxation - mental health
Active leisure activity
Recession = decrease in disposable income
How has provision of education been improved
1960s- free post primary education
Subsidised school transport (rural)
Government investment (running, equipment, staff, upkeep)
Increased resources for special needs education
EPSIN (new legislation involving inclusion of all students with special educational needs)
Range of 3rd level and adult education services
Free 3rd level, suzi grants, dare scheme
Impact of free education on family life
No financial burden
Resources for special ed
Stay in education for longer
Better employment and progression opportunities
Impact of social welfare improvements on family
Less financial strain
Older not burden on younger member
Children’s needs met, wellbeing maintained
Low income famikies’ needs met (family income supplement’)
One parent families’ needs me (one parent family payment)
Impact of changing attitudes to marriage on family life
Increase in blended, one parent families
Cohabiting before marriage means more kids born outside of marriage and more acceptable
Increase in same sex marriage who have families by IVF, surrogacy or adoption
Why is there improved pay and working conditions
Legislation givers working conditions, minimum wage, employment equality and working hours
Establishment of trade union
Impact on more women in work on family life
Dual income = disposable income increased
Children spend more time in childcare reducing bonding time with parents
Smaller families as women establish careers first
Women are positive role models to children
Why is there more equal employment opportunities
Employment equality legislation acts 1998-2015 protect rights, ensure equal pay and equal access to employment regardless of gender, age, status, race, religion, disability or sexual orientation
Prohibits discrimination
Impact of equal employment opportunities on family life
Jobs becoming less gender specific
Equal pay for equal work
Increase in women in workforce (men still remain at powerful positions)
Ways Ireland has changed recently
Rural to urban settlement Reduction in working hours Improvements in education Improvements in provision of social welfare Changes in attitude to marriage Change in traditional roles Improved pay and working conditions, equal pay and opportunities Women in workforce Unemployment Communications technology
