Dietary And Food Requirements Through Life Flashcards
Up to when are babies liquid fed
6 months
Benefits of breastfeeding
Natural antibodies to boost baby immune system Always correct temperature Sterile Free, no preparation Less vita than formula milk Bonding between mammy and baby
What is weaning
Introducing baby to solid foods after 6 months as natural preserves of iron and vitamin c are used up
Weaning guidelines
Make homemade meals as cheaper and healthier
Purée food to prevent choking
Introduce food 1 at a time to know allergies
Introduce a variety of food to avoid picky eaters
Don’t add sugar or salt
Include all food groups- balanced
Meal planning guidelines for kids
Eat regular well balanced meals
Ensure meals have easy to manage portion sizes and are attractively presented
Enrich and add nutrients to food by adding other foods eg cheese in mash
Discourage fussy eating by: including kids in food prep, introducing new foods with old favs, all eating together
Meal planning guidelines for adolescents
Eat regular well balanced meals
Nutritious snacks
Substitute high fat foods to low fat eg skimmed milk
Ensure sufficient calcium and iron (osteoporosis and anemia)
What is an eating disorder
A psychological illnesses where abnormal eating habits may evolve including insufficient or excessive food intake
Name two eating disorders
Anorexia nerviosa
Bulimia nerviosa
What is a anorexia nerviosa
Refusal to eat enough to maintain a normal body weight and therefore body and mind are starved and cannot function
Symptoms of anorexia nerviosa
Growth of downy hair on face and body as body attempt to keep heat in
Periods may stop
Digestive problems eg cramps, wind, constipation
Dry thinning hair
Discoloured skin
What is bulimia nerviosa
Episode of secret eating (binging) followed by inappropriate methods of weight loss eg self induced vomiting (purging) or abuse of laxatives
Symptoms of bulimia nerviosa
Inclination of oesophagus
Erosion of tooth enamel due to stomach acid
Scrapes of finger and knuckles if hands are used to induce vomiting
Irregular periods
Nutritional requirements for adults
Protein; for repair
Fats; small amounts, unsaturated, low fat
Carbs; starchy, whole grain
Vitamins and minerals; c, good health, d osteoporosis avoid, iron anemia avoid, b to release energy from food
Water: 2l
Meal planning guidelines for adults
Regular well balanced meals
Low salt consumption, herbs spices instead, high cholesterol and blood pressure
Prepare meals in advance that can be frozen and re heated if busy
Read labels
Limit alcohol
Avoid smoking
Dietary guidelines for breastfeeding and pregnant women
Proteins: extra for formation of baby’s tissue and cells
Fats: omega 3 for baby’s nervous system
Carbs: starchy whole grains
Minerals and vitamins: c for immune system and health, iron to reduce anemia, calcium, vitamin d, phosphorus for bags bones and teeth. Folic avid from offal or supplements to reduce risk of neural rude defects
Water: extra for breastfeeding women
Meal planning guidelines for pregnant women
Avoid unpasteurised cheese, raw eggs and pâté as they carry listeria that can cause miscarriages, stillbirth or Severe illnesses in baby
Low salt consumption or reduce height blood pressure and oedema
Avoid alcohol as risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, foetal alcohol spectrum disease (fasd- learning/social problems)
Avoid smoking - causes miscarriage, stillbirth, premature births
Dietary and food requirements old people
Proteins: for cell repair, help slow down sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass)
Fats: unsaturated, low, skimmed milk
Carbs: starchy whole grain
Vitamin and minerals; c immune system, iron absorption, iron reduces anemia, calcium, d and phosphorus for healthy bones and teeth, vitamin a for heath eyes and skin
Water: 2l
Meal planning guidelines for old people
Eat regular well balanced meals - low fat cooking methods - lack of need for energy
Finance issue- cheaper cuts of meat, no brand name, own brand
Easily digestible and chewable foods eg eggs
Easy to prepare meals - physical illness
Avoid spicy foods due to heartburn
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
Dietary and food requirements for convalescents
Proteins; cell repair
Carbs: low, less active
Water; increase
What is oedema
Build up of fluid causing swelling eg pregnant peoples feet
What is sarcopenia
Loss of muscle mass eg in old people
Meal planning guidelines for convalescents
Attractive,y presented and easy to manage food
Regular well balanced meals- low fat cooking methods - less energy needed
Low salt intake - if vomiting or diarrhoea, saline may be needed to replace lost salts
Strict hygiene guidelines in food prep as already weak immune system
