Dietary And Food Requirements Through Life

Question 1

Up to when are babies liquid fed

Answer 1

6 months

Question 2

Benefits of breastfeeding

Answer 2

Natural antibodies to boost baby immune system
Always correct temperature
Sterile
Free, no preparation
Less vita than formula milk
Bonding between mammy and baby

Question 3

What is weaning

Answer 3

Introducing baby to solid foods after 6 months as natural preserves of iron and vitamin c are used up

Question 4

Weaning guidelines

Answer 4

Make homemade meals as cheaper and healthier
Purée food to prevent choking
Introduce food 1 at a time to know allergies
Introduce a variety of food to avoid picky eaters
Don’t add sugar or salt
Include all food groups- balanced

Question 5

Meal planning guidelines for kids

Answer 5

Eat regular well balanced meals
Ensure meals have easy to manage portion sizes and are attractively presented
Enrich and add nutrients to food by adding other foods eg cheese in mash
Discourage fussy eating by: including kids in food prep, introducing new foods with old favs, all eating together

Question 6

Meal planning guidelines for adolescents

Answer 6

Eat regular well balanced meals
Nutritious snacks
Substitute high fat foods to low fat eg skimmed milk
Ensure sufficient calcium and iron (osteoporosis and anemia)

Question 7

What is an eating disorder

Answer 7

A psychological illnesses where abnormal eating habits may evolve including insufficient or excessive food intake

Question 8

Name two eating disorders

Answer 8

Anorexia nerviosa

Bulimia nerviosa

Question 9

What is a anorexia nerviosa

Answer 9

Refusal to eat enough to maintain a normal body weight and therefore body and mind are starved and cannot function

Question 10

Symptoms of anorexia nerviosa

Answer 10

Growth of downy hair on face and body as body attempt to keep heat in
Periods may stop
Digestive problems eg cramps, wind, constipation
Dry thinning hair
Discoloured skin

Question 11

What is bulimia nerviosa

Answer 11

Episode of secret eating (binging) followed by inappropriate methods of weight loss eg self induced vomiting (purging) or abuse of laxatives

Question 12

Symptoms of bulimia nerviosa

Answer 12

Inclination of oesophagus
Erosion of tooth enamel due to stomach acid
Scrapes of finger and knuckles if hands are used to induce vomiting
Irregular periods

Question 13

Nutritional requirements for adults

Answer 13

Protein; for repair
Fats; small amounts, unsaturated, low fat
Carbs; starchy, whole grain
Vitamins and minerals; c, good health, d osteoporosis avoid, iron anemia avoid, b to release energy from food
Water: 2l

Question 14

Meal planning guidelines for adults

Answer 14

Regular well balanced meals
Low salt consumption, herbs spices instead, high cholesterol and blood pressure
Prepare meals in advance that can be frozen and re heated if busy
Read labels
Limit alcohol
Avoid smoking

Question 15

Dietary guidelines for breastfeeding and pregnant women

Answer 15

Proteins: extra for formation of baby’s tissue and cells
Fats: omega 3 for baby’s nervous system
Carbs: starchy whole grains
Minerals and vitamins: c for immune system and health, iron to reduce anemia, calcium, vitamin d, phosphorus for bags bones and teeth. Folic avid from offal or supplements to reduce risk of neural rude defects

Water: extra for breastfeeding women

Question 16

Meal planning guidelines for pregnant women

Answer 16

Avoid unpasteurised cheese, raw eggs and pâté as they carry listeria that can cause miscarriages, stillbirth or Severe illnesses in baby

Low salt consumption or reduce height blood pressure and oedema

Avoid alcohol as risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, foetal alcohol spectrum disease (fasd- learning/social problems)

Avoid smoking - causes miscarriage, stillbirth, premature births

Question 17

Dietary and food requirements old people

Answer 17

Proteins: for cell repair, help slow down sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass)
Fats: unsaturated, low, skimmed milk
Carbs: starchy whole grain
Vitamin and minerals; c immune system, iron absorption, iron reduces anemia, calcium, d and phosphorus for healthy bones and teeth, vitamin a for heath eyes and skin

Water: 2l

Question 18

Meal planning guidelines for old people

Answer 18

Eat regular well balanced meals - low fat cooking methods - lack of need for energy
Finance issue- cheaper cuts of meat, no brand name, own brand
Easily digestible and chewable foods eg eggs
Easy to prepare meals - physical illness
Avoid spicy foods due to heartburn
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol

Question 19

Dietary and food requirements for convalescents

Answer 19

Proteins; cell repair
Carbs: low, less active
Water; increase

Question 20

What is oedema

Answer 20

Build up of fluid causing swelling eg pregnant peoples feet

Question 21

What is sarcopenia

Answer 21

Loss of muscle mass eg in old people

Question 22

Meal planning guidelines for convalescents

Answer 22

Attractive,y presented and easy to manage food
Regular well balanced meals- low fat cooking methods - less energy needed
Low salt intake - if vomiting or diarrhoea, saline may be needed to replace lost salts
Strict hygiene guidelines in food prep as already weak immune system