WINTER Chapter 18: Applied Psychology Flashcards
What is the use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems?
Applied psychology
What is a field that focuses on the psychology of work and on behavior within organizations?
Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology
What is the blend of customs, beliefs, values, attitudes, and rituals within an organization?
Organizational culture
What is making positive contributions to the success of an organization in ways that go beyond one’s job description?
Organizational citizenship
What is a branch of industrial/organizational psychology concerned with testing, selection, placement, and promotion of employees?
Personnel psychology
What is a detailed description of the skills, knowledge, and activities required by a particular job?
Job analysis
What are situations that arise in a job with which a competent worker must be able to cope.
Critical incidents
What is detailed biographical information about a job applicant?
Biodata
What is a formal or informal questioning of job applicants to learn their qualifications and to gain an impression of their personalities?
Personal interview
What is a paper-and-pencil test that assesses a person’s interests and matches them to interests found among successful workers in various occupations?
Vocational interest test
What is an evaluation that rates a person’s potential to learn skills required by various occupations?
Aptitude test
What is a program set up within an organization to conduct in-depth evaluations of job candidates?
Assessment center
What is presenting realistic work situations to applicants in order to observe their skills and reactions?
Situational judgment test
What is a testing procedure that simulates the individual decision-making challenges that executives face?
In-basket test
What is a test of leadership that simulates group decision-making and problem solving?
Leaderless group discussion
What is an evaluation of employee performance, mainly anonymous numerical ratings, collected from different perspectives?
360 degrees feedback
What is the degree to which a person is comfortable with or satisfied with his or her work?
Job satisfaction
What is making a job more personally rewarding, interesting, or intrinsically motivating? It typically involves increasing worker knowledge.
Job enrichment
What is a work schedule that allows flexible starting and quitting times?
Flextime
What is an approach to flexible work that involves working at a location away from the office, but using a computer to stay connected throughout the workday?
Flexplace (telecommuting)
What is an approach to leadership that emphasizes work efficiency?
Theory X leadership (scientific management)
What is the term for maximum output (productivity) at lowest cost?
Work efficiency
What is the maintenance of good morale, labor relations, employee satisfaction, and similar aspects of work behavior?
Psychological efficiency