WINTER Chapter 12: Personality and Individual Differences Flashcards
What is a person’s unique and relatively stable pattern of thinking, emotion, and behaviour?
Personality
What is a general pattern of attention, arousal, and mood that is evidence from birth?
Temperament
What is the perception of one’s own personality traits?
Self-concept
What involves regarding oneself as a worthwhile person? It is a positive evaluation of oneself.
Self-esteem
What is a system of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles used to understand and explain personality?
Personality theory
What is the Freudian theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious forces and conflicts?
Psychoanalytic theory
What is the component of Freud’s personality theory containing primitve drives present at birth?
Id
What, according to Freud, is the id’s drive to avoid pain and seek what feels good?
Pleasure principle
What is the mind, mental life, and personality as a whole?
Psych
What, in Freudian theory, is the force, primarily pleasure oriented, that energized personality?
Libido
What is Freud’s name for the “life instincts?”
Eros
Wha is the death instinct postulated by Freud?
Thanatos
What, according to Freud, is the decision-making part of personality that operates on the reality principle?
Ego
What is the principle of delaying action (or pleasure) until it is appropriate?
Reality principle
What, according to Freud, is the part of personality that represents moral conscience?
Superego
What is the term describing the contents of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially impulses and desires?
Unconscious
What is the region of the mind that includes all mental contents that a person is aware of at any given moment?
Conscious
What is an area of the mind containing information that can be voluntarily brought to awareness?
Preconscious
How does Freud classify periods of development?
Psychosexual stages
What is any body area that produces pleasurable sensations?
Erogenous zone
What is a lasting conflict developed as a result of frustration or overindulgence?
Fixation
What, according to Alfred Adler, is the basic drive that propels us toward perfection?
Striving for superiority
What arises when feelings of inferiority become overwhelming? It is a negatie pattern characterized by a chronic lack of self-worth along with self-doubt.
Inferiority complex
What is a primary form of anxiety that arises from living in a hostile world?
Basic anxiety
What is the “mask” or public self prsented to others?
Persona
What is a mental storehouse for an individual’s unconscious thoughts?
Personal unconscious
What, according to Carl Jung, is a mental storehouse for unconscious ideas and images shared by all humans?
Collective unconscious
What, according to Carl Jung, is a universal idea, image, or pattern found in the collective unconscious?
Archetype
What is a name for any of the models of personality that emphasize learning and observable behaviour?
Behavioural personality theory
What is a deeply ingrained, learned pattern of behaviour?
Habit
What are external conditions that strongly influence behaviour?
Situational determinants
What is a theory that combines learning principles with cognitive processes, socialization, and modeling, to explain bheaviour, including personality?
Social learning theory
What is a situation as it is peceived and interpreted by an individual, not as it exists objectively?
Psychological situation