WINTER Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
What is the process that arouses, maintains, and guides behaviour toward a goal?
Motivation
What is an internal deficiency that may energize behaviour?
Need
What is a state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst, that arises from an unmet need?
Drive
What is any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behaviour?
Response
What is the target or objective of motivated behaviour?
Goal
What is a reward or other stimulus that motivates behaviour?
Incentive
What theory proposes that needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are critical motivational needs?
Self-determination theory
What is the desire to engage in a behaviour based on internal rewards?
Intrinsic motivation
What is motivation that comes from outside the person?
Extrinsic motivation
What is Maslow’s classification of human motivations by order of importance from basic biological function to self-actualization?
Hierarchy of needs
What is the name for the first four levels of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy? These lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs.
Basic needs
What are, in Maslow’s hierarchy, the higher-level needs associated with self-actualization?
Growth needs
What are innate motives based on biological needs?
Biological motives
What are innate needs for stimulation and information?
Stimulus motives
What are motives based on learned needs, drives, and goals?
Learned motives
What is the steady state of body equilibrium?
Homeostasis
What is the strength of one’s motivation to engage in sexual behaviour?
Sex drive
What is the term used for changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating? It is particularly used to refer to females in heat.
Estrus
What term describes any of a number of female sex hormones?
Estrogen
What term describes any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone?
Androgen
What is a drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or body need states?
Non-homeostatic drive
What is the 24-hour biological cycle found in humans and many other species?
Circadian rhythm