WINTER Chapter 15: Therapies Flashcards
What is any psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person’s personality, behaviour, or adjustment?
Psychotherapy
What is the Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing exploration of the unconscious using free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts?
Psychoanalysis
What is the psychoanalytic technique of encouraging a patient to say whatever comes to mind without censoring?
Free association
What is blockage in the flow of free association around topics the client avoids thinking or talking about?
Resistance
What is the tendency of patients to transfer to a therapist feelings that correspond to those the patient had for important persons in his or her past?
Transference
What is any therapy that stresses the importance of understanding the origins of a psychological disorder, usually unresolved unconscious conflicts?
Insight therapy
What is any therapy that stresses directly changing troublesome thoughts and/or behaviors without regard for their origins, unconscious or otherwise?
Action therapy
What is any therapy that stresses the need for the therapist to lead the patient toward a resolution of his or her psychological distress?
Directive therapy
What is any therapy in which the therapist supports the client while the client gains insight into his or her own problems and their resolution?
Nondirective therapy
What is psychological treatment involving several unrelated clients?
Group therapy
What is a therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others who play supporting roles?
Psychodrama
What is taking the role of another person to learn how one’s own behavior appears from the other person’s perspective?
Role reversal
What is observing another person reenact one’s own behavior, like a character in a play; designed to help persons see themselves more clearly?
Mirror technique
What is treatment of a group of related individuals that focuses on interpersonal dynamics and communication?
Family therapy
What is a caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client’s problems?
Therapeutic alliance
What is a therapist who has the awareness, knowledge, and skills necessary to treat clients from diverse cultural backgrounds?
Culturally skilled therapist
What is the improvement of symptoms due to the mere passage of time?
Spontaneous remission
What is the an improvement caused not by the actual process of therapy but by a client’s expectation that therapy will help?
Therapy placebo effect
What is any therapy designed to actively change behaviour?
Behaviour therapy
What is the application of learning principles to change human behavior, especially maladaptive behavior?
Behaviour modification (applied behaviour analysis)
What is treatment to reduce unwanted behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus?
Aversion therapy
What is alleviating fears and phobias (conditioned emotional responses) by using classical conditioning extinction?
Exposure therapy
What is a form of exposure therapy in which clients are exposed to the object of their fears beginning with examples that provoke the most extreme responses?
Flooding
What is a reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion brought about by planned exposure to aversive stimuli?
Systematic desensitization
What is the presence of one emotional state can inhibit the occurrence of another, such as joy preventing fear or anxiety inhibiting pleasure?
Reciprocal inhibition
What is a procedure for systematically achieving deep relaxation of the body?
Tension-release method
What is a list of fears, arranged from least fearful to most fearful, for use in systematic desensitization?
Fear hierarchy
What is the use of computer-generated images to present fear stimuli while responding to a viewer’s head movements and other input?
Virtual reality exposure
What is a form of exposure therapy in which clients observe models displaying adaptive behavior toward their feared object?
Modeling
What is behavior modification in which desired behaviors earn objects that can be exchanged for positive reinforcers?
Token economy
What is the treatment of emotional and behavioral problems by changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feeling?
Cognitive therapy
What is perceiving only certain stimuli among a larger array of possibilities?
Selective perception
What is blowing a single event out of proportion by extending it to a large number of unrelated situations?
Overgeneralization
What is classifying objects or events as absolutely right or wrong, good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable, and so forth?
All-or-nothing thinking
What is any therapy that combines elements of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy?
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
What is the type of treatment designed to identify and change self-defeating thoughts?
Rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)
What is the use of aversive stimuli to interrupt or prevent upsetting thoughts?
Thought stopping
What is insight-oriented therapies that help clients better understand themselves with the goal of maximizing their potential?
Humanistic therapies
What is it when an individual being treated talks without direction, judgment, or interpretation from the therapist?
Client-centered (person-centered) therapy
What is having complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is?
Unconditional positive regard
What is a capacity for taking another’s point of view; the ability to feel what another is feeling?
Empathy
What is, in Carl Rogers’s terms, the ability of a therapist to be genuine and honest about his or her own feelings?
Authenticity
What is, in client-centered therapy, the process of rephrasing or repeating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so that they can become aware of what they are saying?
Reflection
What is an insight therapy that focuses on the elemental problems of existence, such as death, meaning, choice, and responsibility; emphasizes making courageous life choices?
Existential therapy
What is an approach that focuses on immediate experience and awareness to help clients rebuild thinking, feeling, and acting into connected wholes; emphasizes the integration of fragmented experiences?
Gestalt therapy
What is the use of drugs to treat psychopathology?
Pharmacotherapy
What are medications that may alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking associated with mental disorders?
Antipsychotic drugs (major tranquilizers)
What are medications that produce relaxation or reduce anxiety?
Antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics or minor tranquilizers)
What are medications that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters?
Antidepressant drugs
What are medications that combat bipolar disorder by leveling mood swings?
Mood stabilizers
What are medications used to calm attention deficit hyperactivity disorder even though they arouse the nervous system?
Stimulants (as drugs to treat ADHD)
What is treatment for severe depression in which electrical current is applied to the brain, causing a seizure?
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
What is electrical stimulation of precisely targeted brain regions? It is a surgical procedure is necessary to implant electrodes in the brain that allow for the stimulation.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
What is a device that uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
What is any surgical alteration of the brain designed to bring about desirable behavioral or emotional changes?
Psychosurgery
What is placing a person in a protected, therapeutic environment staffed by mental health professionals?
Psychiatric hospitalization
What is the reduced use of full-time commitment to mental institutions to treat mental disorders?
Deinstitutionalization
What is a community-based facility for individuals making the transition from an institution (mental hospital, prison, and so forth) to independent living?
Halfway house
What is a facility offering a wide range of mental health services, such as prevention, counseling, consultation, and crisis intervention?
Community mental health center
What is the skilled management of a psychological emergency?
Crisis intervention
What is an individual who works in a near-professional capacity under the supervision of a more highly trained person?
Paraprofessional
What is any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery?
Somatic therapy
What is a nonprofessional person who has learned basic counseling skills?
Peer counselor
What is a group of people who share a particular type of problem and provide mutual support to one another?
Self-help group
