Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Ch 2 - Brain and Behaviour > Flashcards

Ch 2 - Brain and Behaviour Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

The brain and spinal cord.

A

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A column of nerves that transmits information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.

A

What is the spinal cord?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major nerves that carry sensory and motor messages in and out of the spinal cord.

A

What are the spinal nerves?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

A

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A cell in the nervous system that transmits information.

A

What is a neuron?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A bundle of neuron axons.

A

What is a nerve?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Major nerves that leave the brain without passing through the spinal cord.

A

What are cranial nerves?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A network linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs.

A

What is the somatic nervous system (SNS)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The collection of axons that carry information to and from internal organs and glands.

A

What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates arousal.

A

What is the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetic branch)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that quiets the body and conserves energy.

A

What is the parasympathetic nervous system (parasympathetic branch)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neuron fibers that receive incoming messages.

A

What are dendrites?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The part of the neuron or other cell that contains the nucleus of the cell.

A

What is the cell body?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A fiber that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron.

A

What is an axon?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bulb-shaped structures at the ends of axons that form synapses with the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons.

A

What are axon terminals?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The electrical charge of an inactive neuron.

A

What is the resting potential?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In neurons, the point at which a nerve impulse is triggered.

A

What is a threshold?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A brief change in a neuron’s electrical charge.

A

What is an action potential?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Insulating material that covers some axons.

A

What is a myelin sheath?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tiny openings through the axon membrane.

A

What are ion channels?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A drop in electrical charge below the resting potential.

A

What is a negative after-potential?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A microscopic space over which messages pass between two neurons.

A

What is a synapse?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The chemical process that carries information from one neuron to another.

A

What is a synaptic transmission?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A chemical that moves information from one nervous-system cell to another.

A

What is a neurotransmitter?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An area on the surface of neurons and other cells that is sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones.

A

What is a receptor site?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Brain chemicals, such as enkephalins and endorphins, that regulate the activity of neurons.

A

What are neuropeptides?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The capacity of the brain to change in response to experience.

A

What is neuroplasticity?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The production of new brain cells.

A

What is neurogenesis?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A computer-enhanced X-ray image of the brain or body.

A

What is a computed tomographic (CT) scan?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

An imaging technique that results in a 3-D image of the brain or body, based on its response to a magnetic field.

A

What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The research strategy of linking specific structures in the brain to specific psychological or behavioural functions.

A

What is localization of function?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Direct electrical stimulation and activation of brain tissue.

A

What is electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Any device (such as a wire, need, or metal plate) used to stimulate or destroy nerve tissue electrically or to record its activity.

A

What is an electrode?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

In biopsychology, the surgical removal of tissue from the surface of the brain.

A

What is an ablation?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Removal of tissue within the brain by the use of an electrode.

A

What is deep lesioning?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

A device that records electrical activity in the brain.

A

What is an electroencephalograph (EEG)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A high-resolution imaging technique that captures brain activity by attaching radioactive particles to glucose molecules.

A

What is a positron emission tomography (PET)?

38
Q

An MRI technique that records activity levels in various areas of the brain.

A

What is a functional MRI (fMRI)?

39
Q

The thin, wrinkled outer covering of the brain in which high-level processes take place.

A

What is the cerebral cortex?

40
Q

An increase in the relative size of the cerebral cortex.

A

What is corticalization?

41
Q

The left and right sides of the cerebral cortex; interconnected by the corpus callosum.

A

What are the cerebral hemispheres?

42
Q

Differences between the two sides of the body, especially differences in the abilities of the brain hemispheres.

A

What is lateralization?

43
Q

A surgical procedure that involves cutting the corpus callosum.

A

What is a split-brain operation?

44
Q

A preference for the right or left hand in most activities.

A

What is handedness?

45
Q

A term usually applied to the side of a person’s brain that produces language.

A

What is the dominant hemisphere?

46
Q

Areas on the left and right cortex bordered by major fissures or defined by their functions.

A

What are lobes of the cerebral cortex?

47
Q

Areas of the cortex associated with movement, the sense of self, and higher mental functions.

A

What are the frontal lobes?

48
Q

The very front of the frontal lobes; involved in the sense of self, executive functions, and planning.

A

What is the prefrontal area (prefrontal cortex)?

49
Q

The higher-level mental processes that allow us to regulate and coordinate our own thought processes.

A

What are executive functions?

50
Q

All areas of the cerebral cortex that are not primarily sensory or motor in function.

A

What are association areas (association cortex)?

51
Q

A speech disturbance resulting from brain damage.

A

What is aphasia?

52
Q

A language area related to grammar and pronunciation.

A

What is the Broca’s area?

53
Q

A brain area associated with the control of movement.

A

What is the primary motor area (primary motor cortex)?

54
Q

Neurons that become active when a motor action is carried out and when another organism is observed performing the same action.

A

What are mirror neurons?

55
Q

A cell in the nervous system that transmits commands from the brain to the muscles.

A

What is a motor neuron?

56
Q

A lifetime disorder whose primary features are impaired communication and socail interaction.

A

What is autism spectrum disorder?

57
Q

Areas of the cortex in which body sensations register.

A

What are the parietal lobes?

58
Q

A receiving area for body sensations.

A

What is the primary somatosensory area (primary somatosensory cortex)?

59
Q

Areas of the cortex that include the sites where hearing registers.

A

What are the temporal lobes?

60
Q

The part of the temporal lobe that first receives input from the ears.

A

What is the primary auditory area (primary auditory cortex)?

61
Q

A temporal lobe brain area related to language comprehension.

A

What is the Wernicke’s area?

62
Q

Cortical areas at the back of the brain that play a role in visual processing.

A

What are the occipital lobes?

63
Q

The part of the occipital lobe that first receives input from the eyes.

A

What is the primary visual area (primary visual cortex)?

64
Q

An inability to identify seen objects.

A

What is visual agnosia?

65
Q

An inability to perceive familiar faces.

A

What is facial agnosia?

66
Q

A term referring to all brain structures below the cerebral cortex.

A

What is the subcortext?

67
Q

A primitive part of the brain that comprises the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.

A

What is the hindbrain?

68
Q

The structure that connects the brain with the spinal cord and controls vital life functions.

A

What is the medulla?

69
Q

An area of the hindbrain that acts as a bridge between the medulla and other structures.

A

What is the pons?

70
Q

A collection of cells and fibers in the medulla and pons involved in arousal and attention.

A

What is reticular formation (RF)?

71
Q

The structure in the hindbrain involved in controlling coordination and balance.

A

What is the cerebellum?

72
Q

A structure that connects the hindbrain with the forebrain.

A

What is the midbrain?

73
Q

A brain structure, including the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex, that governs higher-order mental processes.

A

What is the forebrain?

74
Q

A brain structure that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

A

What is the thalamus?

75
Q

A small area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviours and basic biological needs.

A

What is the hypothalamus?

76
Q

A set of brain structures that play important roles in regulating emotion and memory.

A

What is the limbic system?

77
Q

A part of the limbic system associated with the rapid processing of emotions; especially fear.

A

What is the amygdala?

78
Q

Part of the limbic system associated with storing memories.

A

What is the hippocampus?

79
Q

A network of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream.

A

What is the endocrine system?

80
Q

A chemical released by the endocrine glands.

A

What are hormones?

81
Q

The master gland of the endocrine system that controls the action of all other glands.

A

What is the pituitary gland?

82
Q

A hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, that promotes body growth.

A

What is a growth hormone?

83
Q

A hormone, released by the pituitary gland, that plays a broad role in regulating pregnancy, parenthood, sexual activity, social bonding, trust, and even reducing stress reactions.

A

What is oxytocin?

84
Q

A gland in the brain that helps regulate body rhythms and sleep cycles.

A

What is the pineal gland?

85
Q

A hormone released by the pineal gland in response to daily cycles of light and dark.

A

What is melatonin?

86
Q

An endocrine gland that helps regulate the rate of metabolism.

A

What is the thyroid gland?

87
Q

Endocrine glands that arouse the body, regulate salt balance, adjust the body to stress, and affect sexual functioning.

A

What are adrenal glands?

88
Q

An adrenal hormone that tends to arouse the body; epinephrine is associated with fear. (also known as adrenaline.)

A

What is epinephrine?

89
Q

Both a brain neurotransmitter and an adrenal hormone that tends to arouse the body; norepinephrine is associated with anger. (Also known as noradrenaline.)

A

What is norepinephrine?

90
Q

The ability to consciously exert self-control.

A

What is self-regulation?

Psychology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions