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Psychology > WINTER Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

WINTER Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a significant impairment in psychological functioning?

A

Mental disorder

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2
Q

What is the scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders? The term is also used to refer to maladaptive behaviour.

A

Psychopathology

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3
Q

What is an abnormality defined on the basis of an extreme score on some dimension, such as IQ or anxiety?

A

Statistical abnormality

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4
Q

What is a failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social conduct?

A

Social nonconformity

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5
Q

What is behaviour arising from an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment and meet the demands of day-to-day life?

A

Maladaptive (behaviour)

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6
Q

What is the simultaneous presence in a person of two or more mental disorders?

A

Comorbid (in mental disorders)

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7
Q

What is a legal term that refers to a mental inability to manage one’s affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one’s actions?

A

Insanity

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8
Q

What are psychopathologies due to various forms of damage to the nervous system arising before adulthood?

A

Neurodevelopmental disorders

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9
Q

What are psychopathologies due to various forms of damage to the nervous system not arising until adulthood?

A

Neurocognitive disorders

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10
Q

What is an age-related condition characterized by memory loss, confusion, and increasing loss of mental abilities?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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11
Q

What is a psychological injury or shock, such as that caused by violence, abuse, neglect, separation, etc.

A

Psychological trauma

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12
Q

What is a model that attributes mental illness to a combination of environmental stress and inherited susceptibility?

A

Stress-vulnerability (diathesis-stress) model

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13
Q

What is withdrawal from reality marked by hallucinations and delusions, disturbed thoughts and emotions, and personality disorganization?

A

Psychosis

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14
Q

What are severe mental disorders characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disturbed thought and/or speech, disturbed motor behavior, and/or retreat from reality?

A

Schizophrenia specturm and other psychotic disorders

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15
Q

What is a perception with no basis in reality?

A

Hallucination

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16
Q

What is a psychosis marked by severe delusions of grandeur, jealousy, persecution, or similar preoccupations?

A

Delusional disorder

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17
Q

What is a strongly held thought or belief that is at odds with reality?

A

Delusion

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18
Q

What is a delusional disorder centred especially on delusions of persecution?

A

Paranoid psychosis

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19
Q

What is a severe disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perceptions, emotions, and behaviour?

A

Schizophrenia

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20
Q

What is a symptom marked by a preoccupation with delusions related to a single theme, especially grandeur or persecution?

A

Paranoia

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21
Q

What is a disorder marked by stupor, rigidity, unresponsiveness, posturing, mutism, and sometimes agitated, purposeless behaviour?

A

Catatonia

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22
Q

What is a class of disorders marked by chronic feelings of sadness and despondency?

A

Depressive disorders

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23
Q

What is moderate depression that persists for two years or more?

A

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

24
Q

What is a mood disorder in which the person has suffered one or more intense episodes of depression?

A

Major depressive disorder

25
Q

What is depression that occurs only during fall and winter? It is presumably related to decreased exposure to sunlight.

A

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

26
Q

What is a treatment for SAD that involves exposure to bright, full-spectrum light?

A

Phototherapy

27
Q

What are mood disorders characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression?

A

Bipolar and related disorders

28
Q

What is a period of abnormally excessive energy and elation?

A

Manic episode

29
Q

What is moderate manic and depressive behaviour that persists for two years or more?

A

Cyclothymic disorder

30
Q

What is a modd disorder in which a person has episodes of mania (escited, hyperactive, energetic, or grandiose behaviour) and also periods of deep depression?

A

Bipolar I disorder

31
Q

What is a mood disorder in which a person is mostly depressed (sad, despondent, guilt-ridden) but also has had one or more episodes of mild mania (hypomania)?

A

Bipolar II disorder

32
Q

What is a mild to moderately severe depression that begins within three months following childbirth?

A

Postpartum depression

33
Q

What are long-standing, inflexible ways of behaving that create a variety of problems?

A

Personality disorders

34
Q

What do you call an unusual remorselessness, lack of empathy, or disregard for social conventions?

A

Antisocial personality disorder

35
Q

What is a class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and worry?

A

Anxiety disorders

36
Q

What is a psychological disorder characterized by nearly constant, exaggerated worries?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

37
Q

What is a chronic state of anxiety, with brief moments of sudden, intense, unexpected panic?

A

Panic disorder

38
Q

What is a persistent, excessive, and unrealistic fear that is triggered by specific objects or people?

A

Phobia

39
Q

What is the fear that something extremely embarrassing will happen if one leaves the house or enters an unfamiliar situation? It is an excessive, irrational fear of being in public spaces.

A

Agoraphobia

40
Q

What is an intense, irrational fear of being observed, evaluated, embarrassed, or humiliated by others in social situations?

A

Social anxiety disorder

41
Q

What is a persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation?

A

Specific phobia

42
Q

What explains the self-defeating nature of avoidance responses as a result of the reinforcing effects of relief from anxiety?

A

Anxiety reduction hypothesis

43
Q

What are extreme preoccupations with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviours?

A

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

44
Q

What is an extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviours?

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

45
Q

What is excessively collecting various things?

A

Hoarding disorder

46
Q

What are behaviour patterns brought on by traumatic stresses?

A

Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

47
Q

What is an emotional disturbance caused by ongoing stressors within the range of common experience?

A

Adjustment disorder

48
Q

What is a psychological disturbance lasting up to one month following stresses that would produce anxiety in anyone who experienced them?

A

Acute stress disorder

49
Q

What is a pattern of unwanted memories, nightmares, and flashbacks following a traumatic event for more than a month?

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

50
Q

What is a class of psychological disorders involving disintegration of consciousness, memory, or self-identity?

A

Dissociative disorders

51
Q

What is a loss of memory (partial or complete) for important information related to personal identity?

A

Dissociative amnesia

52
Q

What is a sudden travel away from home, plus confusion about one’s personal identity?

A

Dissociative fugue

53
Q

What is the presence of two or more distinct personalities (multiple personality)?

A

Dissociative identity disorder

54
Q

What are physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury (e.g. paralysis, blindness, illness, or chronic pain) for which there is no identifiable physical cause?

A

Somatic symptom and related disorders

55
Q

What is exhibiting the characteristics of a disease or injury without an identifiable physical cause?

A

Somatic symptom disorder

56
Q

What is it when a person fakes his or her medical problems or those of someone in his or her care to gain attention?

A

Factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome)

57
Q

What is a bodily symptom that mimics a physical disability but is actually caused by anxiety or emotional distress?

A

Conversion disorder

Psychology (15 decks)

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