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2 Endocrine > What is Diabetes? > Flashcards

What is Diabetes? Flashcards

1
Q

is the insulin hexamer or monomer active?

A

monomer

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2
Q

what is the definition of diabetes mellitus?

A

hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both

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3
Q

what is a normal HBA1c?

A

41m/m

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4
Q

whats a normal 2hr glucose in OGTT?

A

6mmol and below

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5
Q

what factors can cause a secondary diabetes?

A 
exocrine pancreas disease
endrocrinopathies
drug induced
infection
downs
turner sndrome
prader willi sydrome
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6
Q

clinical presentation of T1DM?

A 
pre school
peak in late 30s
thin
ketonuria
polyuria
metabolic acidosis
bed wetting
thirst
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7
Q

clinical presentation of T2DM?

A 
middle aged
overweight
insidious onset over weeks to yrs
minimal ketonuria
evidence of microvascular disease
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8
Q

risk factors for T2DM?

A 
obesity
family history
gestational diabetes
age
asian/african descent
PMH of MI or stroke
antipsychotics
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9
Q

signs of T2DM complications?

A

neuropathy

retinopathy

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10
Q

presentation of diabetes mellitus?

A 
thirst
polyria
thrush
weakness
fatigue
blurred vision
infection
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11
Q

discriminatory tests for diabetes?

A

anti islet cell antibodies
ketones
c peptide

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12
Q

drugs that can cause a secondary diabetes?

A

glucocorticoids
diuretics
beta blockers
anti-psychotics

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13
Q

clinical presentation for MODY? are they positive for GAD or C peptide?

A 
strong FHx
renal cysts
young
GAD negative
C peptide positive
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14
Q

what does HbA1c mean?

A

a measure of glucose control over past 2-3 months

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15
Q

1st line monitoring for type 2?

A

HbA1c

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16
Q

why do T2D’s get vascula problems?

A

existing hypertension + excess blood sugar will damage blood vessels

17
Q

what should you use in primary care to detect blood ketones?

A

ketometer

18
Q

what tests should you do in a newly presenting patient who you expect has T1D?

A

urinalysis
ketometer
random blood glucose

19
Q

what HBA1c would indicate bad diabetic control

A

> 8%

20
Q

what would be a macrovascular complication of diabetes?

A

heart disease

stroke

21
Q

what GGTT would indicate diabetes?

A

> 11.1

2 Endocrine (35 decks)

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