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2 Endocrine > Endocrinology of Pregnancy > Flashcards

Endocrinology of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

what is oestradiol made from?

A

cholesterol

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2
Q

what day of the menstrual cycle is luteinizing hormone at its peak?

A

14

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3
Q

what is the relationship between oestradiol and follicular growth?

A

once the ovarian follicle is fully grown, oestradiol is released

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4
Q

what happens to the follicle after ovulation?

A

forms a corpus luteum that produces progesterone

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5
Q

what hormone is measured using a pregnancy test?

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

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6
Q

what is HCG released by?

A

cells in the placenta

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7
Q

main role of HCG?

A

to nourish and protect the newly fertilised egg that has implanted on the uterine wall

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8
Q

what hormones are released by the placenta?

A

HCG
human placental lactogen
placental progesterone
placental oestrogens

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9
Q

what hormone involved in pregnancy is produced by the pituitary gland?

A

prolactin

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10
Q

name the gonadotrophic hormones

A

luteinizing hormone

follicle stimulating hormone

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11
Q

name the ovarian hormones?

A

oestrogen
inhibin
progesterone

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12
Q

name the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle in order

A

follicular phase
ovulation
luteal phase

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13
Q

after how many weeks of pregnancy can gestational diabetes be diagnosed?

A

24-28 weeks of high blood glucose

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14
Q

what is macrosomia?

A

birth weight over 4kg

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15
Q

in what trimester does the foetus start making its own insulin?

A

3rd trimester

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16
Q

what folic acid dose is given to mothers with diabetes?

A

5mg

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17
Q

what drugs should be avoided in diabetic pregnant women?

A

ACEi

statin

18
Q

what drug can be used instead of an ACEi in diabetic mothers

A

labetalol

19
Q

how is good blood glucose during labour?

A

IV insulin

IV dextrose

20
Q

drug treatment for pregnant mothers who have MODY?

A

glibenclamide

21
Q

drug treatment for gestational diabetes?

A

metformin

22
Q

when should GTT be done post natally?

A

6 weeks

23
Q

how likely are obese people with gestational diabetes to get type 2?

A

80%

24
Q

what kind of cycle does hypo and hyperthyroid disease cause?

A

anovulatory

25
Q

how is thyroid demand increased in pregnancy?

A

increase in size

increase in T4 production

26
Q

what pregnancy hormonesi increase thyroxine production?

A

TSH

hCG

27
Q

what is the effect of increased thyroxine in pregnancy?

A

suppressed TSH

28
Q

how should you treat pregnant mothers with hypothyroidism?

A

increase thyroxine dose by 25mcg

29
Q

what TSH level should you aim for in pregnant mothers with hypothyroidism?

A

<3mU/l

30
Q

risks of untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy?

A 
increased abortion
preeclamspsia
abruption
postpartum haemorrhage
preterm labour
31
Q

risks of untreated hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?

A

infertility
spontaneous miscarriage
stillbirth
thyroid crisis in labour

32
Q

what is hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

hcg associated thyrotoxicosis

33
Q

what effect does hyperemesis have on hCG and TSH levels?

A

increased hcG

decreased TSH

34
Q

when should hyperemesis gravidarum resolve?

A

20 weeks gestation

35
Q

similarities in presentation of hyperemesis and hyperthyroid?

A 
tachycardia
warm
sweaty
weight loss
nausea/vomiting
36
Q

treatment for hypothyroid in each trimester of pregnancy?

A

propylthiouracil - 1

carbimazole - 2/3

37
Q

what trimester should TRAb antibodies ideally be checked?

A

third

38
Q

what are TRAb tests looking for

A

hyperthyroid in baby

39
Q

what is a significant postpartum thyroid problem that presents with a small, diffuse, non tender goitre

A

postpartum thyroiditis

40
Q

what antithyroid drug has a risk of liver toxicity?

A

propylthiouracil

41
Q

what antithyroid drug can cause GI abnormalities in baby?

A

carbimazole

2 Endocrine (35 decks)

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