Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2 Endocrine > Pathology of the Pituitary and Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Pathology of the Pituitary and Adrenal Glands Flashcards

1
Q

name the trophic hormones released by the anterior pituitary

A

TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name the non trophic hormones released by the anterior pituitary

A

GH

prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the cells that secrete GH?

A

somatotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name the cells that secrete PRL?

A

mammotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name the cells that secrete ACTH?

A

corticotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the cells that secrete TSH?

A

thyrotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name the cells that secrete FSH and LH

A

gonadotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do you call the cells that have a darker appearance on histology of the anterior pituitary?

A

basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do you call the cells that have a redder appearance on histology of the posterior pituitary?

A

acidophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what cells of the anterior pituitary are acidophils?

A

mammotrophs

somatotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what cells of the anterior pituitary are basophils?

A

gonadotrophs
corticotrophs
thyrotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what cells are contained in the posterior pituitary?

A

non-myelinated axons of neurosecretory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tumours arise in the posterior pituitary: T or F?

A

F, only in the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SIADH is a problem of the posterior pituitary gland: T or F?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is diabetes insipidus?

A

lack of ADH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the 2 types of tumour you can get from the anterior pituitary?

A

adenoma

carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is sheehan syndrome caused by hypofunction or hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary?

A

hypofunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

most common hormone released by a pituitary adenoma?

A

prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what mutation is a pituitary adenoma associated with?

A

MEN1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

most common functional pituitary adenoma?

A

prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

symptoms of a prolactinoma?

A

infertility
loss of libido
amernorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2nd most hormone functional pituitary adenoma?

A

growth hormone secreting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

another word for an ACTH secreting functional pituitary adenoma

A

cushings disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

is pituitary carcinoma rare?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

main cause of pituitary hypofunction?

A

panhypopituitarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sarcoidosis can cause pituitary hypofunction: T or F?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what happens to the pituitary gland in pregnancy?

A

it gets bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what tumour would you suspect in a young patient with headaches, visual disturbances and slow growth?

A

craniopharyngioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

who gets craniopharyngiomas?

A

young and old (60s-70s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how much do the adrenal glands weigh?

A

4-5g each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

where are the adrenal glands located anatomically in relation to the kidney?

A

superomedial

32
Q

2 main components of the adrenal gland?

A

outer cortex

central medulla

33
Q

what cancer is a particular ectopic cause of excess ADH secretion?

A

lung

34
Q

how can adrenal gland pathology be caused by pituitary disease?

A

if there is an ACTH secreting tumour acting on the adrenal gland

35
Q

what are the consequences of hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex?

A

hyperplasia
adenoma
carcinoma

36
Q

what disease is a result of acute hypofunction of the adrenal cortex?

A

waterhouse friderichson syndrome

37
Q

what disease is a result of chronic hypofunction of the adrenal cortex?

A

addison’s disease

38
Q

what is the adrenal medulla?

A

extension of sympathetic nervous system that is responsible for producing adrenergic hormones

39
Q

what is the adrenal cortex?

A

secretes endocrine hormones

40
Q

how can you get adrenocortical hyperplasia?

A

congenitally

acquiring it eg by excess ACTH exposure

41
Q

can cushings disease cause adrenocortical hyperplasia?

A

yes

42
Q

what kind of lung cancer can cause ectopic ACTH production?

A

small cell

43
Q

what symptom is commonly seen in adrenocorticol hyperplasia?

A

increased androgens so masculinisation

44
Q

who gets adrenocortical tumours?

A

adult men usually

45
Q

when can a carcinoma cause fever?

A

if there is necrosis

46
Q

what size are adrenocorticol adenomas typically?

A

small (2-3cm)

47
Q

where is an adrenocorticol carcinoma likely to spread?

A

via vascular route eg liver, lung, bone
peritoneum/pleura
regional lymph nodes

48
Q

it is difficult to differentiate benign adrenocortical tumours from malignant: T or F?

A

T

49
Q

what features would suggests an adrenocortical carcinoma?

A

large size
haemorrhage
necrosis
frequent, atypical mitosis

50
Q

another name for primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

conn’s syndrome

51
Q

what is a common co-pathology of primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

diffuse or nodular hyperplasia of both adrenal glands

52
Q

another name for hypercortisolism?

A

cushings syndrome or disease

53
Q

most common exogenous cause of hypercortisolism?

A

steroid therapy

54
Q

what can suppress the adrenal cortex leading to adrenocortical hypofunction?

A

steroid therapy

55
Q

chronic cause of primary adrenocortical insufficiency?

A

addisons disease

56
Q

what are the 3 common causes of addisons disease?

A

autoimmune adrenalitis
infection
lung/breast mets

57
Q

what infections are most likely to predispose to addisons disease?

A

TB
fungal infection
HIV

58
Q

most common acute cause of primary adrenocortical insufficiency?

A

rapid withdrawal of steroids

59
Q

what do electrolyte levels look like in addisons?

A

decreased sodium

retained potassium

60
Q

what secretes catecholamines?

A

chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla

61
Q

what innervates the adrenal medulla?

A

presynaptic fibres from the sympathetic nervous system

62
Q

2 types of adrenal medulla tumour?

A

phaeochromocytoma

neuroblastoma

63
Q

when is neuroblastoma most commonly diagnosed?

A

by 18 months

64
Q

if a neuroblastoma doesnt occur in the adrenal medulla, where does it arise?

A

sympathetic chain

65
Q

what is phaeochromocytoma a tumour of?

A

chromaffin cells

66
Q

complications of phaeochromocytoma?

A

HYPERTENSION

CVD

67
Q

how is phaeochromocytoma diagnosed?

A

detection of urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites

68
Q

which tumour is referred to as the 10% tumour and why?

A 
phaeochromocytoma
10% extra adrenal
10% bilateral
10% malignant
10% wont cause hypertension
69
Q

what is MEN?

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia

70
Q

what cancers are present in MEN2A?

A

phaeochromocytoma
medullary thyroid carcinoma
parathyroid hyperplasia

71
Q

what cancers are present in MEN2B?

A

phaeochromocytoma
medullary thyroid carcinoma
neuroma
marfanoid habitus

72
Q

name the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculota
zona reticularis

73
Q

what hormones are contained in the zona glomerulosa?

A

mineralocorticoids

aldosterone

74
Q

what hormones are contained in the zona fasciculata?

A

glucocorticoids

cortisol

75
Q

what hormones are contained in the zona reticularis?

A

sex steroids

glucocorticoids

2 Endocrine (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions