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2 Endocrine > Type 1 Diabetes > Flashcards

Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

most common reason for death in diabetes?

A

cardiac/renal complications

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2
Q

what fasting glucose value is diagnostic of diabetes if they have symptoms?

A

> 7mmol

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3
Q

what random glucose value is diagnostic of diabetes if they have symptoms?

A

> 11.1mmol

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4
Q

what tests should be done if still unsure about T1DM diagnosis?

A

GAD/IA2 antibodies

C peptide

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5
Q

what happens at a cellular level to the pancreatic islet in T1DM?

A

lymphocytes attack it

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6
Q

which type of diabetes has amyloid deposition destroying cells?

A

type 2

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7
Q

are you more likely to get T1D if your mother or father has it?

A

father

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8
Q

what genes put someone at the highest risk of T1DM?

A

HLA

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9
Q

what autoantibodies are best to check in older populations?

A

GAD

ZnT8 antibody

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10
Q

what autoantibodies are best to check in younger people?

A

IA-2 antibiody

IAA

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11
Q

maternal factors that are diabetic risks to the child?

A

infection
age
birth order
stress

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12
Q

what factors can cause a prediabetes to become clinical diabetes?

A

viral infection
vitamin d deficiency
dietary problems

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13
Q

what accelerates the deterioration of diabetes?

A 
infection
puberty
diet
weight
stress
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14
Q

disease marker features of diabetes?

A 
raised glucose
ketones
decreased insulin
decreased beta cell mass 
decreased c peptide
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15
Q

are autoantibodies present in prediabetes?

A

yes

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16
Q

T1DM triad?

A

polyuria
polydipsia
weight loss

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17
Q

presenting symptoms of T1DM?

A

fatigue
blurred vision
candida infection

18
Q

when would you refer someone to hospital if they had T1DM?

A

DKA
significant ketonaemia
vomiting

19
Q

how to manage newly diagnosed T1DM?

A

blood glucose and ketone monitoring
basal insulin once daily
bolus insulin with meals
carb counting

20
Q

ideal range for HBA1C?

A

48-58mmol/mol

21
Q

what do you check on annual review of T1DM?

A 
weight
blood pressure
HBA1C, renal function, lipids
retinal screening
foot risk assessment
22
Q

in normal people, how is insulin secreted after a meal?

A

rapid phase of preformed insulin after 5-10 mins

slow phase over 1-2 hours

23
Q

into what vein does insulin secrete to?

A

portal vein

24
Q

which type of diabetes has the closest link with family history?

A

MODY

25
Q

which diabetic type has the fastest and most severe onset of symptoms?

A

type 1

26
Q

peak period of onset for type 1?

A

<5 and 10-14

27
Q

peak period of onset for MODY?

A

neonate to teen

28
Q

which diabetic type has complications at presentation?

A

type 2

29
Q

which diabetic type(s) exprience ketonuria?

A

type 1

maybe secondary

30
Q

commonest cause of neonatal diabetes?

A

MODY

31
Q

what is LADA

A

slowly progressive type 1

get elevated levels of pancreatic autoantibodies

32
Q

age in which LADA is found?

A

adults 25 to 40

33
Q

is LADA autoantibody positive?

A

yes

34
Q

how should you screen for diabetes in CF patients?

A

OGTT from age 10

35
Q

what does DIDMOAD stand for?

A 
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Mellitus
Optic Atrophy
Deafness
Neurological Anomalies
36
Q

what illness would you suspect in someone with consanguineous parents who is obese and has sense impairments and diabetes?

A

bardet biedl syndrome

37
Q

are antibodies positive in MODY?

A

no

38
Q

common associated autoimmune conditions with diabetes?

A 
thyroid
coeliac
pernicious anaemia
addisons
IgA deficiency
39
Q

when do you have to tell the DVLA you’re a diabetic?

A

> 1 severe hypo in the last year
on insulin therapy
diabetic complications eg retinopathy

40
Q

is risk of inheriting type 1 diabetes higher than type 2?

A

no

2 Endocrine (35 decks)

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