Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards
most common reason for death in diabetes?
cardiac/renal complications
what fasting glucose value is diagnostic of diabetes if they have symptoms?
> 7mmol
what random glucose value is diagnostic of diabetes if they have symptoms?
> 11.1mmol
what tests should be done if still unsure about T1DM diagnosis?
GAD/IA2 antibodies
C peptide
what happens at a cellular level to the pancreatic islet in T1DM?
lymphocytes attack it
which type of diabetes has amyloid deposition destroying cells?
type 2
are you more likely to get T1D if your mother or father has it?
father
what genes put someone at the highest risk of T1DM?
HLA
what autoantibodies are best to check in older populations?
GAD
ZnT8 antibody
what autoantibodies are best to check in younger people?
IA-2 antibiody
IAA
maternal factors that are diabetic risks to the child?
infection
age
birth order
stress
what factors can cause a prediabetes to become clinical diabetes?
viral infection
vitamin d deficiency
dietary problems
what accelerates the deterioration of diabetes?
infection puberty diet weight stress
disease marker features of diabetes?
raised glucose ketones decreased insulin decreased beta cell mass decreased c peptide
are autoantibodies present in prediabetes?
yes
T1DM triad?
polyuria
polydipsia
weight loss
presenting symptoms of T1DM?
fatigue
blurred vision
candida infection
when would you refer someone to hospital if they had T1DM?
DKA
significant ketonaemia
vomiting
how to manage newly diagnosed T1DM?
blood glucose and ketone monitoring
basal insulin once daily
bolus insulin with meals
carb counting
ideal range for HBA1C?
48-58mmol/mol
what do you check on annual review of T1DM?
weight blood pressure HBA1C, renal function, lipids retinal screening foot risk assessment
in normal people, how is insulin secreted after a meal?
rapid phase of preformed insulin after 5-10 mins
slow phase over 1-2 hours
into what vein does insulin secrete to?
portal vein
which type of diabetes has the closest link with family history?
MODY
which diabetic type has the fastest and most severe onset of symptoms?
type 1
peak period of onset for type 1?
<5 and 10-14
peak period of onset for MODY?
neonate to teen
which diabetic type has complications at presentation?
type 2
which diabetic type(s) exprience ketonuria?
type 1
maybe secondary
commonest cause of neonatal diabetes?
MODY
what is LADA
slowly progressive type 1
get elevated levels of pancreatic autoantibodies
age in which LADA is found?
adults 25 to 40
is LADA autoantibody positive?
yes
how should you screen for diabetes in CF patients?
OGTT from age 10
what does DIDMOAD stand for?
Diabetes Insipidus Diabetes Mellitus Optic Atrophy Deafness Neurological Anomalies
what illness would you suspect in someone with consanguineous parents who is obese and has sense impairments and diabetes?
bardet biedl syndrome
are antibodies positive in MODY?
no
common associated autoimmune conditions with diabetes?
thyroid coeliac pernicious anaemia addisons IgA deficiency
when do you have to tell the DVLA you’re a diabetic?
> 1 severe hypo in the last year
on insulin therapy
diabetic complications eg retinopathy
is risk of inheriting type 1 diabetes higher than type 2?
no
