Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTC > Wellness > Flashcards

Wellness Flashcards

1
Q

It is thought that more time at home leads to…

A

more screen time and less outdoor physical activity = obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Quarantine issues:

A
  • lack of sleep
  • altered eating habits
  • decreased physical activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BMI utilizes a person’s…

A

height and weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How to find BMI:

A

kg/m2 or (lbs/in2)x703

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Overweight people have a BMI of…

A

25-29.9 kg/m2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Obese people have a BMI of…

A

30 or greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Class 1 obesity has a BMI of…

A

30-34.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Class 2 obesity has a BMI of…

A

35-39.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Class 3 obesity has a BMI of…

A

over 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BMI has limitation b/c of…

A

very muscular individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Instead of just relying on BMI, we can also consider…

A

measuring waist circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What waist circumference for males and females indicates that they are at risk for CVD and type 2 diabetes?

A
  • males: over 40

- females: over 35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to measure waist circumference:

A
  • stand and place tape measure along belly button (above hipbones)
  • tape should be horizontal and snug around waist
  • look at number just after breathing out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Associated chronic health problems:

A
  • cerebrovascular disease/stroke
  • hypertension
  • type 2 diabetes
  • osteoarthritis
  • sleep apnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Obesity has the most effect on what health problem?

A

diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Medications associated w/ weight gain:

A
  • 2nd generation antipsychotics
  • antidepressants
  • hormonal contraceptives
  • corticosteroids
  • anticonvulsants
  • insulin/sulfonylureas/thiazolidinediones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Initial goal of weight loss is to reduce body weight by…

A

5-10% over 6 months or by 1-2 pounds per week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the mainstay for weight loss therapy?

A

dietary modification or restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Exercise is less efficient _____, but important for ______

A

initially, maintenance and improving overall fitness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity leads to…

A

greater weight loss and reduction of abdominal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Obesity/overweight management is only recommended as adjunct therapy to lifestyle interventions if BMI is…

A

over 30 kg/m2 or over 27kg/m2 w/ diseases or risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

OTC orlistat 60mg can be used if…

A

BMI is over 25 kg/m2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MOA of orlistat:

A
  • reversible inhibitor of gastric and pancreatic lipases, which stops hydrolysis of TGs
  • inhibits 30% of dietary fat absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

OTC dose of orlistat:

A

60 mg capsule

  • approved for ages > 18
  • take TID before meals that have fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Orlistat has been shown to have a weight loss of…

A

5-10 lb within 6 months and significant decrease in LDL cholesterol and blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Side effects of Orlistat:

A
  • fatty/oily stool
  • loose and frequent stools
  • fecal urgency and incontinence
  • intestinal gas with discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Orlistat decreases the…

A

absorption of fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)

- should take multivitamin at bedtime or separate at least 2 H from orlistat dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Orlistat:

A
  • minimally absorbed
  • little systemic toxicity
  • drug interactions unlikely
  • warning of potential liver injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Complementary therapies for obesity:

A
  • usually not FDA approved
  • lack scientific evidence
  • botanical names not listed
  • associated w/ serious adverse effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Examples of complementary therapies for obesity:

A
  • stimulants/E boosters
  • fat/carb modulators
  • laxatives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Examples of stimulants/E boosters:

A
  • bitter orange

- caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Examples of fat/carb modulators:

A
  • green tea
  • coffee
  • chromium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Examples of laxatives:

A
  • psyllium
  • cascara sagrada
  • casanthranol
  • phenolphthalein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Stimulants/E boosters increase…

A

basal metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Adverse effects of bitter orange:

A
  • hypertension
  • CV toxicity
  • MI
  • stroke
  • seizure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Adverse effects of caffeine:

A
  • GI distress
  • headaches
  • insomnia
  • anxiety
  • decreased appetite
  • hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fat/carb modulators alter…

A

fat or carb metabolism, which leads to decreased body fat mass and increased lean muscle mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Adverse effects of chromium:

A
  • mood and sleep changes
  • headaches
  • cognition and perception dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Laxatives increase…

A

fecal loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Adverse effects of laxatives:

A
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • can cause dependence
  • severe cramping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Treatment goals of osteoporosis and osteopenia:

A
  • maintain skeletal and bone mass
  • prevent age-related bone loss
  • optimize skeletal development
  • avoid falls and fractures
42
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis and osteopenia:

A
  • > 50 YO
  • women more than men due to menopause
  • smoking
  • low calcium diets
  • eating disorders
  • family history
  • low body weight
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • previous broken bones
  • hormone imbalances
43
Q

Calcium replacement as therapy for osteoporosis and osteopenia:

A
  • aids in bone development/growth
  • maintains overall bone strength
  • often used in combo w/ vitamin D, which assists w/ reabsorption of calcium
44
Q

Recommended dietary allowance of calcium and vitamin D for 19-50 YO:

A
  • calcium: 1,000 mg

- vitamin D: 600 units

45
Q

Recommended dietary allowance of calcium and vitamin D for 51-70 YO male:

A
  • calcium: 1,000 mg

- vitamin D: 600 units

46
Q

Recommended dietary allowance of calcium and vitamin D for 51-70 YO female:

A
  • calcium: 1,200 mg

- vitamin D: 600 units

47
Q

Recommended dietary allowance of calcium and vitamin D for > 70 YO:

A
  • calcium: 1,200 mg

- vitamin D: 800 units

48
Q

Common doses for calcium:

A
  • body can only absorb in small doses

ex: 45 YO female would need to take 500 mg BID, not 1,000 mg QD

49
Q

Adverse effects for calcium:

A
  • GI distress
  • constipation
  • headache
  • increased risk for kidney stones
50
Q

Vitamin D:

A
  • can be found as IU or mcg

- mcg x 140 = IU

51
Q

Adverse effects of vitamin D:

A
  • hypercalcemia
  • hypercalciuria
  • headache
  • nausea
  • weakness
  • usually well tolerated
52
Q

Types of calcium:

A
  • carbonate
  • phosphate
  • citrate
53
Q

Dosage of carbonate:

A

200-500 mg

- take w/ food to enhance absorption

54
Q

Absorption of carbonate:

A
  • not well absorbed
  • water insoluble
  • optimal in low pH environments
55
Q

Dosage of phosphate:

A

600 mg

56
Q

Absorption of phosphate:

A
  • best absorbed

- water insoluble

57
Q

Dosage of citrate:

A

200 mg

58
Q

Absorption of citrate:

A
  • acid not required
  • water soluble
  • preferred for patients on PPIs or histamine-2 antagonists (H2RAs)
59
Q

Dosage forms of calcium:

A
  • chewable tabs
  • coated tabs
  • gummies
  • liquid
  • soft chews
60
Q

Insomnia:

A
  • difficulty falling or staying asleep
  • waking up too early and not returning to sleep
  • not feeling refreshed after sleeping
61
Q

Types of duration for insomnia:

A
  • transient
  • short-term
  • chronic/long-term
62
Q

Transient insomnia is…

A
  • self limiting (< 1 week)
63
Q

Causes of transient insomnia:

A
  • traveling
  • hospitalization
  • studying for exam
64
Q

Short-term insomnia lasts…

A

1-3 weeks

65
Q

Causes of short-term insomnia:

A
  • personal tragedy

- surgery recovery

66
Q

Chronic/long-term insomnia lasts…

A

> 3 weeks to years

67
Q

Causes of chronic/long-term insomnia:

A
  • medical problems
  • psychiatric disorders
  • substance abuse
68
Q

Classifications of causes for insomnia:

A
  • primary

- secondary

69
Q

Primary cause for insomnia:

A
  • sleep difficulty for at least 1 month
  • affects psychosocial functioning
  • not caused by secondary disorders
70
Q

Secondary cause for insomnia:

A
  • sleep, medical, or psych disorders

- medications

71
Q

Recommended sleep requirement for > 18 YO:

A

8 hours

72
Q

Patients w/ symptoms of insomnia lasting _______ should be referred to PCP

A

over 4 weeks

73
Q

Self care exclusions to insomnia:

A
  • patients ages < 12 or > 65
  • pregnancy
  • frequent nighttime or early morning awakenings w/ difficulty falling back to sleep
  • chronic insomnia
  • sleep disturbances due to meds
74
Q

OTC medications that can worsen insomnia:

A
  • antihistamines (1st gen)
  • caffeine
  • decongestants
  • nicotine
  • valerian
75
Q

Sleep hygiene:

A
  • use bed for sleeping or intimacy
  • establish regular sleep pattern
  • avoid eating meals w/in 2 hours of bedtime
  • avoid caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine w/in 4-6 hours before bed
76
Q

Pharmacologic therapy for insomnia:

A
  • diphenhydramine

- doxylamine

77
Q

Diphenhydramine is the…

A

only FDA approved sleep aid proven to be safe and effective

78
Q

Indication for diphenhydramine:

A

symptomatic management of transient and short-term sleep difficulty

79
Q

Dosage for diphenhydramine:

A

50 mg QHS

  • max sedation 3-6 hours after dose
  • take 30 minutes before bed
  • intermittent use for 3 days: take one night without med
80
Q

Side effects of diphenhydramine:

A
  • dry mouth
  • dizziness/falls
  • blurred vision
  • constipation
  • sedation
81
Q

Warnings of diphenhydramine:

A
  • no alcohol
  • max use of 7-10 consecutive nights
  • no driving or cooking until patient response is known
  • no elderly
82
Q

Doxylamine:

A

safety and efficacy is not established by FDA

83
Q

Dosage for doxylamine:

A

25 mg taken 30 minutes before bed

84
Q

Side effects of doxylamine:

A
  • dry mouth
  • dizziness/falls
  • blurred vision
  • constipation
  • sedation
  • same as diphenhydramine
85
Q

Examples of complementary therapies for insomnia:

A
  • melatonin

- valerian

86
Q

Dosage for melatonin:

A

0.5-5 mg given 30-60 minutes before bed

87
Q

Evening doses of melatonin advance…

A

circadian rhythm andinduce onset of sleep

88
Q

Melatonin is induced by ___ and suppressed by ___

A

darkness, light

89
Q

Side effects of melatonin:

A
  • reduced focus and concentration

- lower body temp

90
Q

Dosage for valerian:

A

400-900 mg given 30-120 minutes prior to bed

91
Q

Continuous use of valerian for _____ required for best effects

A

several days/weeks

92
Q

For valerian, patients should avoid:

A

kava

93
Q

Drowsiness:

A

feeling of falling asleep

94
Q

Fatigue:

A

weakness or exhaustion

95
Q

Drowsiness and fatigue are caused by…

A
  • inadequate sleep
  • use of CNS depressants
  • depression
  • cancer
  • hypothyroidism
  • chronic pain
96
Q

Examples of CNS depressants:

A
  • antihistamines
  • antipsychotics
  • anticonvulsants
  • opioids
97
Q

Caffeine:

A
  • pharmacological way to treat drowsiness and fatigue
  • only FDA approved nonrx stimulant
  • nonselective adenosine antagonist
  • well absorbed
98
Q

Dosage for caffeine:

A

100-200 mg Q3-4H prn for > 12 YO

99
Q

Peak action of caffeine occurs within…

A

30-75 minutes

100
Q

Side effects of caffeine:

A
  • GI distress
  • headaches
  • insomnia
  • restlessness
  • agitation
  • decreased appetite
  • increased urination
  • dehydration
101
Q

High doses of caffeine ( > 400 mg) causes…

A
  • dysrhythmias
  • palpitations
  • tachyarrhythmia
102
Q

Warnings of caffeine:

A
  • anxiety
  • CV disease
  • GI diseases
  • hepatic/renal impairment
  • seizure disorders
  • pregnancy

OTC (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions