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OTC > Fungal Infections and Hair Loss > Flashcards

Fungal Infections and Hair Loss Flashcards

1
Q

Tinea pedis is also known as…

A

athlete’s foot

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2
Q

Common population for athlete’s foot:

A

people who use public pools, high impact sports, or contact with infected individuals

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3
Q

Tinea unguium is also known as…

A

nail fungus

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4
Q

Common populations for nail fungus:

A
  • associated with athlete’s foot

- half of all nail disorders

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5
Q

Tinea corporis is also known as…

A

ringworm of body

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6
Q

Common populations for ringworm of body:

A
  • daycare
  • athletes
  • wrestlers
  • obese adults
  • hot or humid areas
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7
Q

Tinea cruris is also known as…

A

jock itch

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8
Q

Common populations for jock itch:

A

male athletes who wear tight underwear

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9
Q

Tinea capitis is also known as…

A

ringworm of head

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10
Q

Common populations for ringworm of head:

A
  • children
  • tight braids
  • adults w/ occlusive hair dressings
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11
Q

Which disorders can’t be treated with OTCs?

A
  • nail fungus

- ringworm of scalp

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12
Q

Exclusions to self-treatment for fungal infections:

A
  • unsuccessful initial treatment or worsening of condition
  • nail or scalp involved
  • signs of possible secondary bacterial infection such as oozing purulent material
  • excessive and continuous exudation
  • diabetes
  • immune deficiency
  • fever or malaise
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13
Q

Examples of antifungal products:

A
  • clotrimazole
  • miconazole nitrate
  • terbinafine hydrochloride
  • butenafine hydrochloride
  • tolnaftate
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14
Q

Clotrimazole 1% and miconazole nitrate 2% dosing for athlete’s foot and ringworm:

A

BID for 4 weeks

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15
Q

Clotrimazole 1% and miconazole nitrate 2% dosing for jock itch:

A

BID for 2 weeks

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16
Q

Terbinafine hydrochloride 1% dosing for athlete’s foot:

A

BID for 1-2 weeks

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17
Q

Terbinafine hydrochloride 1% dosing for ringworm of body and jock itch:

A

BID for 1 week

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18
Q

OTCs for athlete’s foot, ringworm of body, and jock itch:

A
  • clotrimazole 1%
  • miconazole nitrate 2%
  • terbinafine hydrochloride 1%
  • butenafine hydrochloride 1%
  • tolnaftate 1%
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19
Q

Butenafine hydrochloride 1% dosing for athlete’s foot:

A
  • BID for 1 week

- QD for 4 weeks

20
Q

Butenafine hydrochloride 1% dosing for ringworm and jock itch:

A

QD for 2 weeks

21
Q

Tolnaftate 1% can be used for both…

A

treatment and prevention

22
Q

Tolnaftate 1% is valuable for…

A

dry and scaly lesions

23
Q

Dosing for tolnaftate 1%:

A

BID for 2-4 weeks

- can sting a bit upon application

24
Q

Sprays and powders are…

A

less effective than creams and lotions, but are easier to use

25
Q

Non-pharmacologic therapy for fungal infections:

A
  • use separate towels and launder contaminated ones in hot settings
  • cleanse skin daily with soap and water and pat dry
  • avoid wool and synthetic clothing
  • allow shoes to dry completely
26
Q

How would you treat athlete’s foot if there are oozing lesions present?

A

soak area in aluminum acetate solution BID before applying antifungal

27
Q

How would you treat athlete’s foot if there are thick horny parts of skin?

A

apply ketratolytic agent first, then apply antifungal

28
Q

Types of hair loss:

A
  • hormones
  • genes
  • stress, illness, and child birth
  • drugs
29
Q

Androgenetic alopecia is…

A

hormonal or hereditary related

30
Q

Androgenetic alopecia affects what percentage of women by 70 YO?

A

40-50%

31
Q

Androgenetic alopecia affects what percentage of men by 70 YO?

A

80%

32
Q

Androgenetic alopecia affects what group of people the most?

A

white males

33
Q

Androgenetic alopecia is the gradual…

A

onset with progression of patterned hair loss

34
Q

Exclusions to self treatment of androgenetic alopecia:

A
  • < 18 YO
  • pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • hair loss due to other reasons
35
Q

Non-pharmacological therapies for androgenetic alopecia:

A

cosmetic camouflage

36
Q

T/F: other types of hair loss can be treated with OTCs

A

F, need to refer

37
Q

What are some ineffective non-pharmacological therapies for androgenetic alopecia?

A
  • scalp massage
  • frequent shampooing
  • electrical stimulation
38
Q

Pharmacological therapies for androgenetic alopecia:

A

topical minoxidil

39
Q

Counseling points for minoxidil:

A
  • may increase hair loss temporarily

- can take up to 4 months to see results

40
Q

If one has sensitive skin, they should use _____ to treat androgenetic alopecia

A

foam preparation of minoxidil

41
Q

Minoxidil dosing for females:

A

2% or 5% and follow up in 4 months

42
Q

Minoxidil dosing for males:

A

5% and follow up in 4 months

43
Q

How to apply minoxidil:

A
  1. apply to clean, dry scalp and hair
  2. rub 1 mL into affected area BID
  3. wash hands
  4. allow 2-4 H to penetrate scalp
    - night time: apply 2-4 H before bed
    - apply hair products after drug has dried
44
Q

Most common side effects of minoxidil:

A
  • itching
  • irritation
  • dryness
  • if happens, use 5% foam preparation
45
Q

Other side effects of minoxidil:

A
  • acne
  • low blood pressure
  • blurred vision
  • irregular heart rate

OTC (23 decks)

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