Fungal Infections and Hair Loss Flashcards
Tinea pedis is also known as…
athlete’s foot
Common population for athlete’s foot:
people who use public pools, high impact sports, or contact with infected individuals
Tinea unguium is also known as…
nail fungus
Common populations for nail fungus:
- associated with athlete’s foot
- half of all nail disorders
Tinea corporis is also known as…
ringworm of body
Common populations for ringworm of body:
- daycare
- athletes
- wrestlers
- obese adults
- hot or humid areas
Tinea cruris is also known as…
jock itch
Common populations for jock itch:
male athletes who wear tight underwear
Tinea capitis is also known as…
ringworm of head
Common populations for ringworm of head:
- children
- tight braids
- adults w/ occlusive hair dressings
Which disorders can’t be treated with OTCs?
- nail fungus
- ringworm of scalp
Exclusions to self-treatment for fungal infections:
- unsuccessful initial treatment or worsening of condition
- nail or scalp involved
- signs of possible secondary bacterial infection such as oozing purulent material
- excessive and continuous exudation
- diabetes
- immune deficiency
- fever or malaise
Examples of antifungal products:
- clotrimazole
- miconazole nitrate
- terbinafine hydrochloride
- butenafine hydrochloride
- tolnaftate
Clotrimazole 1% and miconazole nitrate 2% dosing for athlete’s foot and ringworm:
BID for 4 weeks
Clotrimazole 1% and miconazole nitrate 2% dosing for jock itch:
BID for 2 weeks
Terbinafine hydrochloride 1% dosing for athlete’s foot:
BID for 1-2 weeks
Terbinafine hydrochloride 1% dosing for ringworm of body and jock itch:
BID for 1 week
OTCs for athlete’s foot, ringworm of body, and jock itch:
- clotrimazole 1%
- miconazole nitrate 2%
- terbinafine hydrochloride 1%
- butenafine hydrochloride 1%
- tolnaftate 1%
Butenafine hydrochloride 1% dosing for athlete’s foot:
- BID for 1 week
- QD for 4 weeks
Butenafine hydrochloride 1% dosing for ringworm and jock itch:
QD for 2 weeks
Tolnaftate 1% can be used for both…
treatment and prevention
Tolnaftate 1% is valuable for…
dry and scaly lesions
Dosing for tolnaftate 1%:
BID for 2-4 weeks
- can sting a bit upon application
Sprays and powders are…
less effective than creams and lotions, but are easier to use
Non-pharmacologic therapy for fungal infections:
- use separate towels and launder contaminated ones in hot settings
- cleanse skin daily with soap and water and pat dry
- avoid wool and synthetic clothing
- allow shoes to dry completely
How would you treat athlete’s foot if there are oozing lesions present?
soak area in aluminum acetate solution BID before applying antifungal
How would you treat athlete’s foot if there are thick horny parts of skin?
apply ketratolytic agent first, then apply antifungal
Types of hair loss:
- hormones
- genes
- stress, illness, and child birth
- drugs
Androgenetic alopecia is…
hormonal or hereditary related
Androgenetic alopecia affects what percentage of women by 70 YO?
40-50%
Androgenetic alopecia affects what percentage of men by 70 YO?
80%
Androgenetic alopecia affects what group of people the most?
white males
Androgenetic alopecia is the gradual…
onset with progression of patterned hair loss
Exclusions to self treatment of androgenetic alopecia:
- < 18 YO
- pregnancy or breastfeeding
- hair loss due to other reasons
Non-pharmacological therapies for androgenetic alopecia:
cosmetic camouflage
T/F: other types of hair loss can be treated with OTCs
F, need to refer
What are some ineffective non-pharmacological therapies for androgenetic alopecia?
- scalp massage
- frequent shampooing
- electrical stimulation
Pharmacological therapies for androgenetic alopecia:
topical minoxidil
Counseling points for minoxidil:
- may increase hair loss temporarily
- can take up to 4 months to see results
If one has sensitive skin, they should use _____ to treat androgenetic alopecia
foam preparation of minoxidil
Minoxidil dosing for females:
2% or 5% and follow up in 4 months
Minoxidil dosing for males:
5% and follow up in 4 months
How to apply minoxidil:
- apply to clean, dry scalp and hair
- rub 1 mL into affected area BID
- wash hands
- allow 2-4 H to penetrate scalp
- night time: apply 2-4 H before bed
- apply hair products after drug has dried
Most common side effects of minoxidil:
- itching
- irritation
- dryness
- if happens, use 5% foam preparation
Other side effects of minoxidil:
- acne
- low blood pressure
- blurred vision
- irregular heart rate
