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OTC > Sun Safety > Flashcards

Sun Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Sun exposure is the same as…

A

ultraviolet radiation (UVR)

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2
Q

UVR is a…

A

small portion of the sun’s rays, but a main cause of skin damage from the sun

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3
Q

Complications for…

A
  • sunburn
  • premature aging
  • skin cancers
  • cataracts
  • photodermatomes
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4
Q

UVC:

A
  • 200-290 nm
  • mainly screened out by ozone
  • absorbed by dead cell layer of stratum corneum
  • doesn’t cause skin cancer
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5
Q

UVB:

A
  • 290-320 nm
  • “sunburn radiation”
  • primary inducer of skin cancer
  • vitamin D3 synthesis
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6
Q

UVA:

A
  • 320-400 nm
  • premature photoaging and photosensitivity reactions
  • contributes to skin cancers
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7
Q

Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the…

A

most common cancer type in the US

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8
Q

Skin cancer has a strong correlation with…

A

UVR exposure

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9
Q

Photodermatomes are…

A

skin disorders precipitated by exposure to sunlight

- reaction due to a photosensitivity

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10
Q

Photoallergy:

A
  • not dose related
  • immunologic
  • usually occurs with prior exposure
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11
Q

Phototoxicity:

A
  • dose related
  • not immunologic
  • often with first exposure
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12
Q

Medications that can induce photosensitivity:

A
  • amiodarone
  • antibiotics
  • naproxen
  • accutane (isotretinoin)
  • diuretics
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13
Q

Examples of antibiotics that induce photosensitivity:

A
  • bactrim (sufamethoxazole/trimethoprim)
  • ciprofloxacin/levafloxacin
  • doxycycline
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14
Q

Examples of diuretics that induce photosensitivity:

A
  • HCTZ

- Lasix (furosemide)

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15
Q

Short term prevention goals:

A

avoid/minimize sunburns, photosensitivity reactions, and UVR induced photodermatoses

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16
Q

Long term prevention goals:

A

prevent skin cancer and avoid premature aging of the skin

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17
Q

Monitoring moles for…

A
  • A: asymmetric shape
  • B: border irregularity or poorly defined borders
  • C: color variation within same mole
  • D: diameter > 6 mm
  • E: evolving
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18
Q

Risk factors:

A
  • fair skin that always burns or has history of > 1 serious sunburn
  • blonde/red hair
  • blue, green, or gray eyes
  • history of freckling
  • previous growth on skin or lips caused by UVR exposure
  • fam history of melanoma
  • current use of immunosuppressive drug or photosensitizing agents
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19
Q

Prevention:

A
  • avoid sun exposure
  • protective clothing
  • sunscreen
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20
Q

Avoiding sun exposure is the best approach for patients who…

A

have risk factors for developing UVR induced problems

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21
Q

Avoiding sun exposure is the only option for those with…

A

allergies to all sun protectant ingredients or infants < 6 months

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22
Q

Highest intensity of the sun is from…

A

10 am to 4 pm

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23
Q

There is a greater exposure at…

A
  • higher altitudes
  • latitudes closer to equator
  • in areas of less tree coverage
  • spring and summer
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24
Q

With cloud coverage:

A
  • 70-90% of UVR penetrate through clouds
  • only eliminates heat
  • false sense of security
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25
Q

T/F: light colored surfaces won’t reflect UVR

A

F

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26
Q

With water, about ______ of UVR penetrates through

A

95%

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27
Q

Dry clothes reflect ______ UVR

A

almost all

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28
Q

Wet clothes allow transmission of…

A

50% of UVR

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29
Q

____ don’t penetrate windows, but ____ does

A

UVB, UVA

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30
Q

Most car windshields filter….

A

UVA

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31
Q

T/F: side windows of cars usually filter UVA

A

F, they don’t

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32
Q

Minimal erythema dose (MED):

A

minimum UVR dose that produces clearly marginated erythema in irradiated site
- used to calculate SPF

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33
Q

How to calculate SPF:

A

MED on protected skin/MED on unprotected skin

34
Q

SPF 15 blocks ____ of UVB

A

93%

35
Q

SPF 30 blocks ____ of UVB

A

96.7%

36
Q

SPF 40 blocks ____ of UVB

A

97.5%

37
Q

Broad spectrum of sunscreen protects against…

A

UVA and UVB

38
Q

To reduce the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging, one should use…

A

broad spectrum and SPF 15

39
Q

Water-resistant is effective for either…

A

40-80 min while swimming or sweating

40
Q

Water-resistant sunscreen is usually better with…

A

cream-based formulations

41
Q

Highest SPF is…

A

50+

42
Q

SPF has to have…

A

drug facts on all labels

43
Q

Cosmetics are considered a drug if…

A

it makes any therapeutic claims and must then include proper labeling

44
Q

For combination products, each active ingredient must contribute a minimum SPF of…

A

2

45
Q

Chemical sunscreens:

A
  • active ingredient absorbs at least 85% of UVR at 290-320 nm
  • may transmit at UVR > 320 nm
46
Q

Physical sunscreens:

A
  • reflect and scatter UVR at 290-777 nm

- minimizes suntan and sunburn

47
Q

Physical sunscreens have…

A

zinc oxide and titanium dioxide

48
Q

Physical sunscreens are a type of…

A

broad spectrum protectants

49
Q

Physical sunscreens are beneficial for those who…

A

can’t limit sun exposure

50
Q

Adverse effects of sunscreens:

A
  • photosensitivity or allergic reactions

- labels have to say stop use if rash occurs

51
Q

One should select sunscreens that are…

A

broad spectrum and has SPF 15+

52
Q

Skin types that burn easily and tan minimally should use…

A

SPF 30+

53
Q

Skin types with acne should use…

A

noncomedogenic products

54
Q

If one has history of sensitivity to sunscreen, they should use…

A

hypoallergenic and fragrance free products

55
Q

If one has dry skin, they avoid sunscreens w/…

A

ethyl and isopropyl alcohols

56
Q

Poor protection is usually due to…

A
  • inadequate amount
  • infrequent reapplication
  • neglected areas
57
Q

Application of sunscreen:

A
  • 15-30 minutes before exposure
  • reapply at least every 2 hours
  • reapply after each time you swim, towel dry, or sweat excessively
  • watch expiration dates
58
Q

FDA recommends about _______ amount of sunscreen

A

2mg/cm2 of BSA

59
Q

Face and neck requires _____ amount of sunscreen

A

1/2 tsp

60
Q

Arms and shoulders require _____ amount of sunscreen

A

1/2 tsp to each side

61
Q

Torso requires _____ amount of sunscreen

A

1/2 tsp to front and back

62
Q

Legs and top of feet require _____ amount of sunscreen

A

1 tsp to each side

63
Q

Total amount of sunscreen needed for full body:

A

4.5 tsp or 22.5 mL

64
Q

UVA and UVB can be related to ____ in eyes

A

cataract formation

65
Q

Cosmetic sunglasses have a minimum absorption of…

A
  • UVB: 70%

- UVA: 20%

66
Q

Cosmetic sunglasses are recommended for…

A

nonharsh sunlight

67
Q

General purpose sunglasses have a minimum absorption of…

A
  • UVB: 95%

- UVA: 60%

68
Q

General purpose sunglasses are recommended for…

A

sunny environments

69
Q

Special purpose sunglasses have a minimum absorption of…

A
  • UVB: 99%

- UVA: 60%

70
Q

Special purpose sunglasses are recommended for…

A

bright environments

71
Q

Sunburns are a reaction to…

A

exposure to UVA and UVB rays

72
Q

Development of burns/tans depend on…

A
  • type and amount of radiation
  • skin pigmentation
  • skin hydration
  • thickness of epi
73
Q

Treatment goals of sunburn:

A
  • relieve symptoms
  • promote healing
  • protect burn from further injury
  • minimize scarring
74
Q

Contraindications for self treatment of burns:

A
  • > 2% BSA
  • stage 3 or 4 burns
  • burns involving eyes, ears, face, hands, feet
  • old people
  • immunocompromised people
75
Q

If no blistering, you can…

A
  • put area in cool tap water for 10-30 minutes
  • cleanse area w/ water and mild soap
  • apply non-adherent dressing or skin protectant
76
Q

If blistering, you can…

A
  • put area in cool tap water for 10-30 minutes
  • cleanse area w/ water and mild soap
  • avoid rupturing blisters
  • hydrocolloid dressing
77
Q

NSAIDs for sunburns are helpful for…

A

inflammation during first 24 hours after sunburn

78
Q

Acetaminophen is useful when _______ for sunburns

A

patient can’t use NSAID

- pain relief only

79
Q

Topical anesthetics (benzocaine 0.5-20% or lidocaine 2-5%):

A
  • apply for max of 3-4 times daily
  • short duration of action (15-45 min)
  • user higher concentration products on intact skin
80
Q

Aloe vera contains…

A
  • vitamins A, B, C, and E
  • enzymes
  • amino acid
  • sugars
81
Q

Aloe vera has been shown to reduce…

A

the number of days to wound healing

- probably from moisturizing effect

OTC (23 decks)

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