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OTC > Essential Nutrients > Flashcards

Essential Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A has:

A

retinoids and carotenoids

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2
Q

Vitamin A is dosed in…

A

mg retinol activity equivalent (RAE)

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3
Q

Food sources for vitamin A:

A
  • carrots
  • broccoli
  • cantaloupe
  • squash
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4
Q

Function of vitamin A:

A
  • growth
  • development
  • specific eye health
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5
Q

Deficiency of vitamin A leads to…

A

rashes and changes in vision

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6
Q

Precautions of vitamin A:

A
  • bone fractures
  • cancer (smokers)
  • hypervitaminosis A
  • teratogen
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7
Q

Vitamin D has two types:

A
  • Cholecalciferol (D3)

- ergocalciferol (D2)

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8
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency for vitamin D:

A

renal/hepatic dysfunction

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9
Q

Food source of vitamin D:

A

milk

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10
Q

Function of vitamin D in body:

A

bone/mineral homeostasis

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11
Q

Deficiency of vitamin D leads to…

A

loss of bone density

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12
Q

Precautions of vitamin D:

A
  • anorexia
  • kidney stones
  • tissue calcification
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13
Q

Vitamin E is also known as…

A

tocopherol

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14
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin E are…

A

very rare

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15
Q

1 mg of vitamin E = ______ IU

A

1.49

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16
Q

Food sources of vitamin E:

A

fruits and veggies

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17
Q

Function of vitamin E:

A

acts as antioxidants

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18
Q

Precaution of vitamin E:

A

increased risk of heart failure

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19
Q

Vitamin K is also known as…

A

phytonadione

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20
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin K are…

A
  • bowel resection

- chronic antibiotic treatment

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21
Q

Food sources of vitamin K:

A

veggies

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22
Q

Function of vitamin K:

A

helps w/ blood clotting and bone metabolism

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23
Q

Deficiency of vitamin K leads to…

A

unusual bleeding

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24
Q

Potential drug reaction between _____ and vitamin K

A

warfarin b/c it’s an anticoagulant, so it can limit the ability of vitamin K to clot the blood

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25
Q

Vitamin C is also known as…

A

ascorbic acid

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26
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin C:

A

chronic inadequate intake

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27
Q

Dosage of vitamin C:

A

10 mg - 2 g (UL)

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28
Q

Food sources of vitamin C:

A

fruits and veggies

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29
Q

Function of vitamin C:

A
  • collagen
  • dentin formation
  • aids in iron absorption
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30
Q

Deficiency of vitamin C leads to…

A
  • scurvy
  • weakness
  • skin problems
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31
Q

Megadoses of vitamin C can cause…

A
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
  • cramping
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32
Q

Vitamin B1 is also known as…

A

thiamine

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33
Q

Factors that increase the risk of vitamin B1:

A
  • diet deficiency

- alcoholism

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34
Q

Food sources of vitamin B1:

A
  • yeast
  • pork/beef
  • legumes
35
Q

Function of vitamin B1:

A

generates E

36
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B1 leads to…

A

increased output heart failure

37
Q

T/F: there are no safety concerns for vitamin B1

A

T

38
Q

Vitamin B2 is also known as…

A

riboflavin

39
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin B2:

A

dietary deficiency

40
Q

T/F: GI tract can only absorb 30 mg in a dose of vitamin B2

A

F, can only absorb 20 mg

41
Q

Food sources of vitamin B2:

A

milk and dairy

42
Q

Function of B2:

A
  • body growth
  • RBC production
  • helps release E from protein
43
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B2 leads to…

A

skin/mouth lesions

44
Q

Precautions of vitamin B2:

A

none known

45
Q

Vitamin B3 is also known as…

A

niacin

46
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin B3:

A
  • corn based diet

- alcoholism

47
Q

Food sources of vitamin B3:

A
  • beans
  • milk
  • meat
  • eggs
48
Q

Function of B3:

A

precursor to NAD and NADP

49
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B3 leads to…

A
  • pellagra
  • loss of appetite
  • general weakness
  • rash
50
Q

Precautions of vitamin B3:

A
  • flushing

- rarely elevated LFTs

51
Q

Vitamin B6 is also known as…

A

pyridoxine

52
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of vitamin B6:

A

some medications can decrease the levels of B6 (ex: isoniazid)

53
Q

Food sources of vitamin B6:

A
  • legumes

- nuts

54
Q

Function of vitamin B6:

A

co-factor in amino acid metabolism

55
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B6 leads to…

A
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • depression
  • confusion
  • seizures
56
Q

Precautions of vitamin B6:

A

over 100 mg/dose can cause sensory neuropathy

57
Q

Factors that increase the risk of deficiency of folate:

A
  • dietary deficiency
  • absorption disorder
  • vegan diet
58
Q

Food sources of folate:

A
  • liver
  • spinach
  • greens
59
Q

Function of folate:

A

coenzyme in purine/pyrimidine synthesis

60
Q

Deficiency of folate leads to…

A

anemia

61
Q

Dosage of folate:

A

250 micrograms daily

62
Q

Nutrient deficiency causes…

A
  • loss of senses

- lower absorption

63
Q

Nutrient deficiency is caused by…

A
  • inadequate diet intake
  • anorexia
  • nutrient poor foods
  • medications that affect appetite
64
Q

Patients take vitamins to…

A
  • improve health status

- maintain overall health

65
Q

Risks of vitamins:

A
  • exceeding tolerable upper intake levels
  • megadose: large doses, but can increase the risk of cancer
  • risk of interactions
  • individuals may replace medical screenings/care with vitamins
66
Q

DRI stands for…

A

daily recommended intake

67
Q

EAR stands for…

A

estimated average requirement

68
Q

RDA stands for…

A

recommended daily allowance

69
Q

AI stands for…

A

adequate intake

70
Q

UL stands for…

A

upper intake level

71
Q

DV stands for…

A

daily value

72
Q

Examples of fat soluble vitamins:

A

ADKE

73
Q

Fat soluble vitamins:

A
  • absorbed in lymphatic system of small intestine
  • stored in body tissue
  • excess can be unsafe
  • have to be more cautious than water soluble ones
74
Q

Fat soluble vitamin deficiencies occur when…

A

fat intake is limited or absorption is compromised

75
Q

Water soluble vitamins:

A
  • not stored in the body

- excess excreted in urine

76
Q

Vitamin A megadoses lead to…

A
  • malformations for kids (teratogen)
  • hypervitaminosis A
  • increased risk of bone fractures
77
Q

Vitamin E megadoses lead to…

A

higher risk of heart failure/stroke

78
Q

Vitamin D megadoses lead to…

A
  • anorexia
  • hypercalcemia
  • increased risk of certain types of cancer
79
Q

Vitamin A, C, E, and selenium combination is not helpful in…

A

cancer prevention

- could actually increase the risk

80
Q

Def of vitamins:

A

nutrients that can’t be synthesized in body in sufficient quantities and must be obtained through diet

81
Q

Def of minerals:

A

inorganic elements essential for function of human body and are obtained through food

82
Q

Def of trace elements:

A

elements required in minute quantities for physiological functioning (iodine)

83
Q

Def of megadose:

A
  • exceptionally high doses for greater than usual recommended dose

OTC (23 decks)

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