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OTC > Opthalamic and Contact Lens Care > Flashcards

Opthalamic and Contact Lens Care Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for dry eye disease:

A
  • aging
  • lid/corneal defects
  • loss of lid tissue
  • medications
  • some conditions
  • allergens/environmental factors
  • LASIK
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2
Q

Medications that increase the risk for dry eye disease:

A
  • one that have anticholinergic activity
  • antihistamines
  • antidepressants
  • decongestants
  • diuretics
  • beta blockers
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3
Q

Conditions that increase the risk for dry eye disease:

A
  • Sjogren syndrome
  • Bell’s palsy
  • thyroid disorder-related eye disease
  • rheumatoid arthritis
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4
Q

Presentation of dry eyes:

A
  • white sclera
  • mildly red eye
  • sandy, gritty feeling
  • initial tearing, then dry
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5
Q

Goals of treatment for dry eyes:

A
  • alleviate dryness of ocular surface
  • relieve symptoms of irritation
  • prevent possible corneal and non-corneal tissue damage
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6
Q

Nonpharmacologic treatments for dry eyes:

A
  • warm compress
  • maintain good eyelid hygiene
  • supplements (omega-3 or flaxseed oils)
  • avoid dry/dusty environments
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7
Q

Pharmacologic therapies for dry eyes:

A
  • artificial tear solutions

- nonmedicated ointments

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8
Q

Artificial tear solutions:

A
  • provide ocular lubrication
  • stabilize tear film
  • protect corneal and conjunctival cells
  • reduce tear evaporation
  • enhance wound healing
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9
Q

Artificial tears contain…

A

substituted cellulose ethers

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10
Q

Dosage for artificial tears:

A

instill gtts into eyes QD or BID either in AM or HS

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11
Q

Nonmedicated ointments:

A
  • provide lubrication
  • longer retention time in the eye
  • enhance tear film integrity
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12
Q

Primary ingredients for nonmedicated ointments:

A
  • white petroleum: lubricates
  • mineral oil: melts at body temp
  • lanolin: prevents evaporation
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13
Q

Dosing for nonmedicated ointments:

A
  • apply to eyes BID
  • can be given every few hours or as needed
  • usually at HS to prevent morning dry eye syndrome
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14
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis:

A

antigens cause ocular irritation

- refer to MD if symptoms don’t resolve w/in 72 hours of treatment

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15
Q

Presentation of allergic conjunctivitis:

A
  • red eye w/ watery discharge
  • pruritus (itching)
  • excessive tearing (blurry vision)
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16
Q

Goals of treatment for allergic conjunctivitis:

A
  • remove allergen
  • limit/reduce severity of reaction
  • provide symptomatic relief
  • protect ocular surface
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17
Q

Nonpharmacologic treatment for allergic conjunctivitis:

A
  • avoid allergen
  • cold compress 3-4 times/day
  • monitor pollen count
  • keep doors/windows closed
  • use a/c and air filters
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18
Q

Pharmacologic treatment for allergic conjunctivitis:

A
  • artificial tears
  • antihistamine
  • opthalmic decongestants/alpha agonists
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19
Q

Use of artificial tears in allergic conjunctivitis:

A

washes out allergens and provide symptom relief

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20
Q

Antihistamines in allergic conjunctivitis:

A
  • ketotifen fumarate 0.025%
  • use for > 3 YO
  • eye itch relief
  • relief in few minutes and lasts up to 12 H
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21
Q

Dosing for antihistamines:

A

instill gtts in eyes BID

  • remove contacts before use
  • insert contacts after 10 minutes
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22
Q

Adverse effects for antihistamine:

A
  • stinging

- burning

23
Q

Ophthalmic decongestants/alpha agonists help reduce…

A
  • redness
  • vascular congestion
  • eyelid edema
24
Q

Ophthalmic decongestants/alpha agonists for allergic conjunctivitis act as…

A

local vasoconstrictors

25
Q

Ophthalmic decongestants/alpha agonists can cause…

A

rebound conjunctival hyperemia (rebound redness), which is when symptoms get worse after they improve

26
Q

Dosing for ophthalmic decongestants/alpha agonists:

A

instill gtts into eyes QID for up to 72 H

  • avoid use in acute angle glaucoma
  • use with caution with hypertension, ateriosclerosis, diabetes, CVD
27
Q

Adverse effects of ophthalmic decongestants/alpha agonists:

A
  • stinging

- burning

28
Q

Ophthalmic antihistamines are used in combination w/…

A

ophthalmic decongestants

29
Q

Minor eye irritation is caused by…

A
  • loose foreign substances
  • contacts
  • wind
  • sun
  • smog
  • etc
30
Q

Presentation of minor eye irritation:

A
  • redness
  • pain
  • feeling of sand in the eyes
31
Q

Pharmacologic treatments for minor eye irritation:

A
  • artificial tears
  • non-medicated ointments
  • mild astringent drops
32
Q

Dosing for mild astringent drops:

A

instill gtts 1-2 drops up to QID

33
Q

Eye vitamins/supplements:

A
  • can help reduce the risk of age related eye diseases
  • vitamin A, C, and E
  • zinc
  • copper
  • lutein
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • zeaxanthin
34
Q

Ocuvite adult 50+ age adjusted formula is made of…

A
  • zinc 9 mg
  • vitamin C 150 mg
  • vitamin E 30 IU
  • copper 1 mg
  • lutein 6 mg
  • omega 3 150 mg
35
Q

Dosing for ocuvite adult 50+ age adjusted formula:

A

1 soft gel PO QAM w/ food

36
Q

Adverse effects of ocuvite adult 50+ age adjusted formula:

A

GI upset

37
Q

PreserVision eye vitamin formula contains:

A
  • zinc: 17.4 mg
  • vitamin c: 113 mg
  • vitamin E: 100 IU
  • omega 3: 250 mg
  • lutein: 2.5 mg
  • zeaxanthin: 2 mg
38
Q

Dosing for PreserVision eye vitamin formula:

A

2 soft gels QD w/ food

- 1 in AM and 1 in HS

39
Q

Adverse effect of PreserVision eye vitamin formula:

A

GI upset

40
Q

Two types of solutions:

A
  • w/ preservatives

- w/out preservatives

41
Q

Solutions w/ preservatives:

A
  • allow multiple uses out of one bottle

- can cause irritation of ocular surface w/ frequent use

42
Q

Solutions w/out preservatives:

A
  • discarded immediately after opening and administration

- non-irritating but more expensive

43
Q

When should solutions be discarded or replaced?

A

30 days after sterility seal is opened

- expiration date doesn’t apply when opened

44
Q

Types of lens:

A
  • soft

- rigid, gas permeable

45
Q

Soft lenses:

A
  • contains water
  • most HCP lens of choice
  • mass produced, flexible
  • has to be replaced daily, every few weeks, or every few months
46
Q

Rigid, gas permeable lenses:

A
  • custom fit
  • uncomfy at first
  • replace after several years
47
Q

Goals of proper lens care:

A
  • remove debris from lens surface
  • prevent accumulation of proteins from tear layer
  • disinfect lens of organisms
48
Q

You should leave contact lenses in solution for at least…

A

6 H

49
Q

You should thoroughly rinse lenses w/ ______ before inserting

A

saline

50
Q

Multipurpose solutions are…

A

all in one products

51
Q

Before touching lenses, make sure to…

A

wash hands w/ soap

52
Q

When applying solution to lenses, make sure to…

A

rub lenses between fingers

53
Q

Before inserting contacts, make sure to…

A

inspect lenses for chips, tears, and foreign bodies

54
Q

When cleaning lenses, make sure to…

A

rub them back and forth, not circular

OTC (23 decks)

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