Family Planning Methods Flashcards
WHO says that family planning allows people to…
attain their desired # of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies
Family planning is achieved through the use of ______ and the treatment of ______
contraceptive methods, infertility
Benefits of family planning:
- reduces # of unintended pregnancies
- prevents pregnancy-related health risks
- reduces infant mortality
- mitigates spread of STI/HIV
Most common reasons for unintended pregnancies:
- inconsistent/improper use
- discontinuation b/c of side effects
T/F: nearly 1/2 of unintended pregnancies occur among couples who used some form of contraception the month prior to conception
T
The role of a pharmacist in family planning is:
- helping pt find appropriate method
- preconception and interconception care
- work w/ pt to create reproductive life plan
Optimal birth spacing is about __ - __ from a woman’s last delivery and conception of next pregnancy
18-59 months
Some considerations when helping pt choose contraceptive methods:
- effectiveness
- cost
- health risks/benefits
- partner involvement
- performance
- prevention of HIV/STI
- availability
- pt preference
Goals of contraceptive use:
- prevent STIs
- prevent unintended pregnancies
- minimize adverse effects
Effectiveness of contraceptives in unintended pregnancies are measured in 2 ways:
- perfect/optimal/correct use
- typical use
Categories of family planning methods:
- natural methods
- OTC products
- Rx products
- Surgical methods
A woman’s fertile days depend on…
life span of egg and sperm
Life span of an egg:
day after ovulation
Life span of sperm:
lives w/in a woman’s body for about 6 days
A woman has a chance of her egg joining a sperm about _______ every menstrual cycle
7 days
- 5 before ovulation
- day of ovulation
- day or 2 after ovulation
Def of abstinence:
not having any type of sex w/ partner
Effectiveness of abstinence:
- optimal: 100%
Def of periodic abstinence:
Limit intercourse during times of highest female fertility
How periodic abstinence works:
- track 8 ovulation cycles
- calculate which days are likely to be fertile days and avoid them
Effectiveness of periodic abstinence:
typical: 75%
Women with cycles shorter than __ days should not use this method
27
Examples of natural methods:
- abstinence
- periodic abstinence
- standard days method
- cervical mucous method
- basal body temperature method
- symptothermal method
- withdrawal method
Description of standard days method:
women moves rubber marker over each bead on daily basis
Standard days method identifies…
fixed fertile days for women with 26-32 day cycles
A woman can use standard days method if she has…
- regular cycles
- cycle is never shorter than 26 days, but never longer than 32 days
Effectiveness of standard days method:
- optimal: 95%
How to do the basal body temp method:
pt measures basal body temp on daily basis
- ovulation results in 1 degree F temp increase
Effectiveness of basal body temp method:
typical: 75%
Natural cycles is the first…
FDA approved app for contraception
What is the symptothermal method?
combines temp, cervical mucous, and calendar methods
How symptothermal method works:
signs of each method should confirm each other
Effectiveness of symptothermal method:
optimal: > 99%
Def of withdrawal/pull out method:
man pulls penis out before ejaculation
Effectiveness of withdrawal/pull out method:
- optimal: 96%
- typical: 73%
Withdrawal/pull out method is less effective under the influence of…
drugs and alcohol
Examples of OTC products:
- condoms (male and female)
- spermicide
- sponge w/ spermicide
- emergency contraception
Effectiveness of male condom:
- optimal: 98%
- typical: 85%
You should ask about ____ when counseling pt on condoms
allergies
- if one is allergic to latex, should use polyurethane, polyisoprene, or animal membrane
What kind of lubricant should be used w/ latex or polyisoprene condoms?
water based
What kind of lubricant should be used w/ polyurethane condoms?
oil based
Condoms prevent the spread of…
HIV and STIs
Condoms are more effective when used w/…
spermicide
Effectiveness of female condom:
- optimal: 95%
- typical: 75%
Female condom can be inserted up to ______ before intercourse
8 hours
T/F: you can use female and male condoms at the same time
F, only use one
Female condoms are made of…
polyurethane or nitrile
- can use either based lubricants
Description of spermicide:
foam, gel, cream, film, or tablet that’s inserted deep into vagina
Spermicide works by…
- immobilizing sperm
- insert 5-60 minutes before sex
Effectiveness of spermicide:
- optimal: 85%
- typical: 71%
How to insert spermicide:
should squat/lie down
Nonoxynol-9:
- most commonly used spermicide in US
- can irritate tissue if used too often in a day
Description of sponge w/ spermicide:
disk shaped polyurethane device w/ spermicide nonoxynol-9
How to use sponge w/ spermicide:
- place in vagina up to 6 hours before sex
- will protect up to 24 hrs
- have to leave it in for 6 hrs
Effectiveness of sponge w/ spermicide if pt hasn’t given birth yet:
- optimal: 91%
- typical: 88%
Effectiveness of sponge w/ spermicide if pt has given birth:
- optimal: 80%
- typical: 76%
Don’t use sponge if…
- allergic to sulfa drugs/polyurethrane/spermicide
- recent abortion/childbirth/miscarriage
- have reproductive tract infection
- vaginal bleeding
- history of TSS
Example of emergency contraception:
- levonorgestrel
How emergency contraception works:
stops release of egg from ovary
- should take asap
Effectiveness of emergency contraception:
89% effective when taken w/in 72 hours
Brands of emergency contraception:
- Plan B One Step
- my way
- next choice one dose
Emergency contraception may be less effective for women w/ BMI over…
25
Emergency contraception may not be effective for women w/ BMI over…
30
Adverse effects of emergency contraception:
- heavier menstrual bleeding
- nausea
- lower abdominal pain
- fatigue
- headache
- dizziness
T/F: emergency contraception does terminate viable pregnancy
F
Patient should be informed of 3 monitoring parameters when taking emergency contraception:
- vomiting occurs w/in 2 hours = should take another dose
- take pregnancy test is menses is delayed more than one week
- get pelvic exam if abdominal pain occurs a few weeks after EC
Effectiveness of emergency contraception can be decreased by medications that…
are inducers of enzymes
6 states have conscientious objection for pharmacists:
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- Georgia
- Idaho
- Mississippi
- South Dakota
