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OTC > Acne and Insect Bites > Flashcards

Acne and Insect Bites Flashcards

1
Q

Prevalence of acne is significantly higher among…

A

females in all age groups compared to men

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2
Q

What makes acne develop?

A
  • hormonal triggers
  • excessive sebum production
  • growth of bacteria
  • inflammatory responses
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3
Q

What is a white head also called?

A

closed comedo

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4
Q

What is a black head also called?

A

open comedo

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5
Q

OTC medications are only used to treat…

A

closed and open comedones

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6
Q

What are inflammatory acne?

A
  • papules
  • pustules
  • nodules
  • need rx to treat, so refer
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7
Q

What are some exacerbating factors in acne?

A
  • drug induced
  • cosmetic
  • occupational
  • stress/emotional
  • high-humidity/sweating
  • hormones
  • diet
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8
Q

Which drugs can induce acne?

A
  • pheytoin
  • isoniazid
  • moisturizers
  • phenobarbital
  • lithium
  • ethionamide
  • steroids
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9
Q

Non-pharmacologic approaches to acne:

A
  • wash face twice a day
  • eliminate exacerbating factors of acne
  • stay well hydrated
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10
Q

How to properly wash your face:

A
  1. wash hands and remove makeup
  2. wet face with warm water
  3. apply cleanser with fingertips
  4. rub face for 1-2 minutes
  5. rinse with cold water
  6. pat dry
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11
Q

OTC acne products:

A
  • benzoyl peroxide
  • salicylic acid
  • sulfur
  • adapalene 0.1%
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12
Q

Which medication is the most commonly used one for acne?

A

benzoyl peroxide

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13
Q

Benzoyl peroxide:

A
  • has antibacterial properties

- used as cleanser or as spot treatment

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14
Q

Benzoyl peroxide are available in concentrations of…

A
  1. 5-10%

- new users should start at 2.5%

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15
Q

Counseling points for benzoyl peroxide:

A
  • avoid contact w/ clothes/hair because can bleach it
  • avoid sun exposure
  • use sunscreen
  • mild redness in beginning may occur
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16
Q

Examples of benzoyl peroxide:

A
  • PanOxyl
  • Persa-Gel
  • ProActive
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17
Q

Salicylic acid:

A
  • helps unclog pores by causing slight peeling
  • less effective than benzoyl peroxide
  • used as cleanser or as spot treatment
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18
Q

Available concentrations of salicylic acid:

A

0.5%-2%

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19
Q

Counseling points of salicylic acid:

A
  • avoid sun exposure

- use sunscreen

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20
Q

Sulfur:

A
  • not used often due to chalky appearance/unpleasant odor

- not as effective as benzoyl peroxide

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21
Q

Sulfur is usually combined with…

A

resorcinol

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22
Q

Available concentrations of sulfur:

A

3-10%

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23
Q

Sulfur should not be given to patients…

A

who are allergic to sulfa drugs

24
Q

Examples of salicylic acid:

A
  • Neutrogena oil free wash

- OxyPads

25
Q

Adapalene 0.1% is also known as…

A

Differin Gel

26
Q

Adapalene 0.1% has…

A

retinoid

27
Q

Counseling for adapalene 0.1%:

A
  • apply QD all over face

- comes as a moisturizer and cleanser

28
Q

For acne treatments, don’t expect…

A

complete resolution

- should have an improvement in acne or decrease in severity

29
Q

When is an acne treatment considered a failure?

A

after 6 weeks of adherence

30
Q

What are the three types of lice?

A
  • head
  • body
  • pubic
31
Q

Head lice:

A
  • most common
  • spread through personal contact
  • not a result of poor hygiene
32
Q

Body lice:

A
  • lives in clothing

- usually occurs in those that don’t shower or change clothes frequently

33
Q

Pubic lice:

A
  • high risk sexual contact

- can be spread through toilet seats, shared undergarments, or bedding

34
Q

RID (synergized pyrethrins) treatment for lice:

A
  • approved for treating head and pubic lice

- available as shampoos, foams, solutions, or gels

35
Q

Counseling for RID treatment for lice:

A
  • apply to affect areas for 10 min then rinse and follow with lice comb
  • repeat treatment in 7-10 days
  • can be used in > 2 months old
  • increased resistance due to overuse
36
Q

Nix (permethrins) treatment for lice:

A
  • approved for treating head lice only

- available as cream rinse

37
Q

Counseling for Nix treatment for lice:

A
  • apply to washed, towel dried hair and let sit for 10 min before rinsing and follow with lice comb
  • repeat treatment in 7-10 days not required unless active lice is detected
  • can be used in > 2 months old
  • increased resistance due to overuse
38
Q

Follow up for Nix and RID should occur within…

A

first 10 days

39
Q

Sklice (ivermectin lotion 0.5%) treatment for lice:

A
  • treats head lice only
  • single use lotion on dry hair
  • can be used in > 6 months old
40
Q

Lice shield:

A
  • repels head lice
  • doesn’t treat or kill head lice
  • blend of natural essential oils
41
Q

One should avoid _____ and ____ as lice treatments

A
  • petroleum jelly

- mayonnaise

42
Q

Non-pharmacologic approaches to lice:

A
  • appropriate hair combing
  • home vacuuming of carpets, rugs, furniture
  • clean personal items
  • avoid direct physical contact w/ infected
  • don’t share combs, brushes, etc
  • complete head shaving
43
Q

What kind of bites can you not self-treat?

A
  • scabies
  • suspected spider bites
  • history of tick bite w/ systemic effects
44
Q

Non-pharmacologic patient counseling tips for bug bites:

A
  • apply ice pack to bite area for up to 10 min
  • avoid scratching area
  • remove ticks with tweezers and clean area with rubbing alcohol
45
Q

What concentration of insect repellents is preferred for children?

A

< 30%

- not for children < 2 months old

46
Q

Insect repellents should be applied every…

A

4-8H

47
Q

Alternative products to insect repellents:

A
  • citronella
  • lemon eucalyptus oil
  • tea tree oil
48
Q

OTCs for bug bites and stings:

A
  • local anesthetics
  • topical antihistamines
  • counterirritants
  • hydrocortisone
49
Q

Examples of local anesthetics:

A
  • benzocaine (solarcaine/lanacane)
  • pramoxine and benzyl alcohol (Itch-X)
  • lidocaine
  • dibucaine (Nupercainal)
  • phenol
50
Q

Which local anesthetics don’t have adverse effects/skin irritation?

A
  • pramoxine

- benzyl alcohol

51
Q

Example of topical antihistamines:

A

diphehydramine (Benadryl)

52
Q

Example of counterirritants:

A
  • camphor
  • menthol
  • brand: blue star and sarna
53
Q

Example of hydrocortisone:

A
  • Cortaid

- Cortizone

54
Q

Hydrocortisone should be used for…

A

minor skin irritations, itching, and rashes caused by dermatitis, insect bites, poison ivy/oak/sumac

55
Q

Don’t use hydrocortisone on…

A

fungal or bacterial infections

56
Q

Self-treatment is appropriate for bug bites if the reaction is…

A

confined to site and patient is over 2 YO

57
Q

Counseling points of analgesic medications:

A
  • apply to bite TID or QID
  • max of 7 days
  • follow up after 7 days

OTC (23 decks)

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