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OTC > OTC Wounds > Flashcards

OTC Wounds Flashcards

1
Q

Types of skin injuries:

A
  • wounds

- burns

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2
Q

Examples of wounds:

A
  • abrasions
  • lacerations
  • punctures
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3
Q

Examples of burns:

A
  • chemical
  • electrical
  • thermal
  • UV radiation
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4
Q

There are how many stages of injury?

A

4

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5
Q

Stage 1 of injury:

A
  • only epi

- unbroken, nonblistering skin

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6
Q

Treatment of stage 1 injury:

A

self care

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7
Q

Stage 2 of injury:

A
  • epi and part of derm
  • blistering or partial thickness skin loss
  • prone to infection
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8
Q

Treatment of stage 2 injury:

A

self care or medical attention

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9
Q

Stage 3 of injury:

A
  • entire epi, derm, and possibly subcutaneous tissue
  • full thickness burns, which can cause death to entire skin layer
  • deep punctures and lacerations, which can be painful with a lot of bleeding
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10
Q

Treatment of stage 3 injury:

A

medical attention or hospitalization immediately

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11
Q

Stage 4 of injury:

A
  • all of stage 1-3 and underlying muscle, tendon, and bone
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12
Q

Treatment of stage 4 injury:

A

same as stage 3, which is medical attention/hospitalization immediately

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13
Q

Healing process has three phases. What are they?

A
  • inflammatory phase
  • proliferative phase
  • maturation phase
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14
Q

Inflammatory phase:

A
  • lasts 3-4 days

- prepare wound for new tissue development

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15
Q

Proliferative phase:

A
  • lasts up to 3 weeks

- new connective tissue begins to form

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16
Q

Maturation phase:

A
  • > 3 weeks (1-6 months)
  • wound is completely closed by CT
  • high strength collagen matrix is formed
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17
Q

Goals of treatment:

A
  • relieve symptoms
  • promote healing/protect from further damage
  • minimize scarring
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18
Q

Exclusions for self treatment:

A
  • over stage 2
  • injury covers over 2% of BSA (for palms, 1%)
  • children and elderly
  • face, mucous membranes, genitals
  • becomes infected
  • other comorbid conditions
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19
Q

How to clean areas:

A
  • remove visible debris
  • irrigate water/normal saline
  • can relieve pain of burns
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20
Q

Which type of oral analgesics are preferred?

A

NSAID

  • ibu 200mg Q4-6H prn
  • naproxen 200 mg Q6-8H prn
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21
Q

What is the second line of oral analgesics?

A

acetaminophen 325mg Q4-6H prn

- children: 10-15mg/kg Q4-6H prn

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22
Q

Function of skin protectants:

A
  • protect from friction and rubbing

- prevent dryness

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23
Q

Examples of skin protectants:

A
  • allantoin
  • cocoa butter
  • petrolatum
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24
Q

Topical anesthetics:

A
  • inhibit pain signals from pain receptors

- effect lasts 15-45 minutes

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25
Q

Application of topical anesthetics:

A
  • no more than 2% of BSA

- max application of 3-4 times/day

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26
Q

Examples of topical anesthetics:

A
  • benzocaine 5%

- lidocaine 2-4%

27
Q

First aid antiseptics are applied to…

A

intact skin up to edges of wound for disinfectant purposes

- same benefit as using soap and water

28
Q

T/F: alcohol containing products should be used in wound bed

A

F b/c it can cause dehydration and cell damage

29
Q

Examples of first aid antiseptics:

A
  • hydrogen peroxide 3%
  • ethyl alcohol 20-70%
  • isopropyl alcohol 70%
30
Q

Hydrogen peroxide 3% should only be used when…

A

released gas can escape

- don’t cover area

31
Q

Things to note about isopropyl alcohol 70%:

A
  • stronger bactericidal activity than ethyl alcohol

- flammable

32
Q

First aid antibiotics:

A
  • prevent infection
  • not for treatment of injuries that are already infected
  • used when wound has debris or foreign matter
33
Q

Examples of first aid antibiotics:

A
  • bacitracin
  • neomycin
  • polymyxin B sulfate
  • neosporin
34
Q

Bacitracin:

A
  • polypeptide bactericidal antibiotic
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram negative organisms
  • apply 1-3 times a day
35
Q

Adverse effects of bacitracin:

A

contact dermatitis/rash

36
Q

Neomycin:

A
  • aminoglycoside antibiotic

- irreversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis of gram negative and staphylococcus

37
Q

Adverse effects of neomycin:

A
  • hypersensitivity (3.5%-6%)

- ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity

38
Q

Neomycin dosage:

A
  • apply 1-3 times a day

- used in combination products

39
Q

Polymyxin B sulfate:

A
  • polypeptide antibiotic

- alters cell wall permeability of gram negative organisms

40
Q

Polymyxin B sulfate dosage:

A
  • apply 1-3 times a day

- used in combination products

41
Q

Triple product Neosporin contains:

A
  • bacitracin 400 units/gram
  • neomycin 3.5 mg/gram
  • polymyxin B 5,000 units/gram
42
Q

Double product has:

A

polysporin

43
Q

For combination products, you apply it…

A

1-3 times/day

44
Q

Ointments are used for…

A
  • minor burns and wounds w/ intact skin

- trap moisture and could promote bacterial growth

45
Q

Creams are used for…

A
  • broken skin

- allows fluid to pass through

46
Q

Lotions are used for…

A
  • larger areas of unbroken skin

- has a drying effect b/c alcohol is in most forms

47
Q

Aerosols are used for…

A
  • wounds/burns that are painful to touch
  • hold can 6 inches away and spray for 1-3 seconds
  • alcohol spray can dehydrate wound
48
Q

Different types of wound dressing:

A
  • gauze
  • foams
  • hydrocolloids
  • hydrogels
  • adhesive/wafer dressings
49
Q

Gauze is used for…

A

minor burns and wounds that are currently draining or require debris removal

50
Q

Gauze is used in combination w/…

A
  • petrolatum
  • antiseptics
  • antimicrobials
51
Q

Advantages of gauze:

A
  • many size forms

- affordable

52
Q

Disadvantages of gauze:

A
  • bust be held in place by second agent
  • fibers may adhere to wound
  • must be changed often
53
Q

Foams:

A
  • absorb excess moisture

- used in early inflammatory phase of healing

54
Q

Advantages of foams:

A

fewer dressing changes

55
Q

Disadvantages of foams:

A

trauma upon removal

56
Q

Hydrocolloids:

A
  • maintain moisture

- preferred in proliferative phase

57
Q

Advantage of hydrocolloids:

A

long wear time

58
Q

Disadvantages of hydrocolloids:

A
  • for uninfected wounds only

- trauma upon removal

59
Q

Hydrogels:

A
  • supply moisture

- applied to dry wounds w/ dead tissue

60
Q

Advantages of hydrogels:

A
  • non-adherent

- easily removed

61
Q

Disadvantages of hydrogels:

A

frequent changes

62
Q

Adhesive/wafer dressings:

A
  • minor burns and wounds

- average band-aid

63
Q

Advantages of adhesive/wafer dressings:

A
  • easy to apply
  • many sizes
  • high bond strength
64
Q

Disadvantages of adhesive/wafer dressings:

A
  • for uninfected wounds

- trauma upon removal

OTC (23 decks)

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