GI Disorders

Question 1

Pinworms is caused by…

Answer 1

enterobius vermicularis

Question 2

Pinworms are the…

Answer 2

most commo worm infestation in US

- greatest in 5-14 YO

Question 3

Signs and symptoms of pinworms:

Answer 3

• minor: asymptomatic
• nocturnal pruritus (most common)
• major: abdominal pain, insomnia, anorexia, diarrhea

Question 4

How to confirm pinworms:

Answer 4

• nighttime perianal or perineal itching in a child
• visual inspection for adult worm
• cellophane tape or adhesive paddle test

Question 5

Non-pharmacologic therapies for pinworms:

Answer 5

• personal hygiene
• hot cycle for washing clothes
• bathe daily
• clean and vacuum house daily

Question 6

Pharmacologic therapies for pinworms:

Answer 6

pyrantel pamoate (Pin-X, Pyrantel)
- max single dose: 1 g

Question 7

Side effects of pyrantel pamoate:

Answer 7

• nausea
• vomiting
• anorexia
• diarrhea
• abdominal cramps

Question 8

Anorectal disorders are located at…

Answer 8

• perianal canal
• anal canal
• lower area of rectum

Question 9

Most common anorectal disorder:

Answer 9

• hemorrhoids

- pruritus

Question 10

Signs and symptoms of anorectal disorders:

Answer 10

• itching
• discomfort
• burning
• inflammation

Question 11

What are the internal hemorrhoid grades?

Answer 11

they go from 1-4

Question 12

Grade 1 for internal hemorrhoid grades:

Answer 12

hemorrhoids enlarge but do not prolapse into anal canal

Question 13

Grade 2 internal hemorrhoid grades:

Answer 13

hemorrhoids protrude into anal canal and return spontaneously on defecation

Question 14

Grade 3 internal hemorrhoid grades:

Answer 14

hemorrhoids protrude into the anal canal on defecation but can be returned to their original position manually

Question 15

Grade 4 internal hemorrhoid grades:

Answer 15

hemorrhoids are permanently prolapsed and cannot be reintroduced into anus

Question 16

Non-pharmacologic therapies for hemorrhoids:

Answer 16

• diet changes
• avoid lifting heavy things
• increase dietary fiber
• proper bath habits/hygiene

Question 17

If you have a hemorrhoid, you should avoid…

Answer 17

• alcohol
• caffeine
• citrus fruits
• fatty foods

Question 18

Pharmacologic treatments for hemorrhoids:

Answer 18

• local anesthetics
• vasoconstrictors
• protectants
• astringents
• keratolytics
• analgesics, anesthetics, antipuritics
• corticosteroids

Question 19

Examples of local anesthetics:

Answer 19

• benzocaine
• dibucaine
• lidocaine

Question 20

Examples of vasoconstrictors:

Answer 20

• ephedrine sulfate

- phenylephrine hydrochloride

Question 21

Examples of protectants:

Answer 21

• cocoa butter
• glycerin
• lanolin
• white petrolatum

Question 22

Examples of astringents:

Answer 22

• calamine
• zinc oxide
• witch hazel

Question 23

Examples of keratolytics:

Answer 23

• alcloxa

- resorcinol

Question 24

Examples of analgesics, anesthetics, antipuritics:

Answer 24

• menthol
• camphor
• juniper tar

Question 25

Examples of corticosteroids:

Answer 25

hydrocortisone

Question 26

Non-pharmacologic treatments to nausea and vomiting in pregnancy:

Answer 26

• take prenatal vitamins
• get out of bed slowly
• smaller meals

Question 27

Pharmacologic treatments for nausea associated with motion sickness:

Answer 27

antihistamines such as cyclizine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, meclizine, doxylamine

Question 28

Clinical presentation of acetaminophen poisoning:

Answer 28

• has delayed effect

- 3-5 days after intake and can have severe hepatic and renal toxicity

Question 29

Clinical presentation of ibuprofen poisoning:

Answer 29

• nausea
• vomiting
• abdominal pain

Question 30

Clinical presentation of diphenhydramine poisoning:

Answer 30

• sedation or stimulation
• tachycardia
• hypertension
• dry mouth
• dilated pupils

Question 31

Clinical presentation of aspirin:

Answer 31

• have effects on multiple organs

Question 32

Pharmacologic therapy for poisoning:

Answer 32

1 dose of 1g/1kg of activated charcoal within 1 hour

- can cause vomiting or black stools

Question 33

Referral criteria for poisoning:

Answer 33

• CNS depression
• convulsions
• absent or poor gag reflex
• debilitation or advanced age
• suspected suicide attempt
• suspected abuse

Question 34

Specifically for treating hemorrhoids, you should use…

Answer 34

preparation-h