GI Disorders Flashcards
Pinworms is caused by…
enterobius vermicularis
Pinworms are the…
most commo worm infestation in US
- greatest in 5-14 YO
Signs and symptoms of pinworms:
- minor: asymptomatic
- nocturnal pruritus (most common)
- major: abdominal pain, insomnia, anorexia, diarrhea
How to confirm pinworms:
- nighttime perianal or perineal itching in a child
- visual inspection for adult worm
- cellophane tape or adhesive paddle test
Non-pharmacologic therapies for pinworms:
- personal hygiene
- hot cycle for washing clothes
- bathe daily
- clean and vacuum house daily
Pharmacologic therapies for pinworms:
pyrantel pamoate (Pin-X, Pyrantel) - max single dose: 1 g
Side effects of pyrantel pamoate:
- nausea
- vomiting
- anorexia
- diarrhea
- abdominal cramps
Anorectal disorders are located at…
- perianal canal
- anal canal
- lower area of rectum
Most common anorectal disorder:
- hemorrhoids
- pruritus
Signs and symptoms of anorectal disorders:
- itching
- discomfort
- burning
- inflammation
What are the internal hemorrhoid grades?
they go from 1-4
Grade 1 for internal hemorrhoid grades:
hemorrhoids enlarge but do not prolapse into anal canal
Grade 2 internal hemorrhoid grades:
hemorrhoids protrude into anal canal and return spontaneously on defecation
Grade 3 internal hemorrhoid grades:
hemorrhoids protrude into the anal canal on defecation but can be returned to their original position manually
Grade 4 internal hemorrhoid grades:
hemorrhoids are permanently prolapsed and cannot be reintroduced into anus
Non-pharmacologic therapies for hemorrhoids:
- diet changes
- avoid lifting heavy things
- increase dietary fiber
- proper bath habits/hygiene
If you have a hemorrhoid, you should avoid…
- alcohol
- caffeine
- citrus fruits
- fatty foods
Pharmacologic treatments for hemorrhoids:
- local anesthetics
- vasoconstrictors
- protectants
- astringents
- keratolytics
- analgesics, anesthetics, antipuritics
- corticosteroids
Examples of local anesthetics:
- benzocaine
- dibucaine
- lidocaine
Examples of vasoconstrictors:
- ephedrine sulfate
- phenylephrine hydrochloride
Examples of protectants:
- cocoa butter
- glycerin
- lanolin
- white petrolatum
Examples of astringents:
- calamine
- zinc oxide
- witch hazel
Examples of keratolytics:
- alcloxa
- resorcinol
Examples of analgesics, anesthetics, antipuritics:
- menthol
- camphor
- juniper tar
Examples of corticosteroids:
hydrocortisone
Non-pharmacologic treatments to nausea and vomiting in pregnancy:
- take prenatal vitamins
- get out of bed slowly
- smaller meals
Pharmacologic treatments for nausea associated with motion sickness:
antihistamines such as cyclizine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, meclizine, doxylamine
Clinical presentation of acetaminophen poisoning:
- has delayed effect
- 3-5 days after intake and can have severe hepatic and renal toxicity
Clinical presentation of ibuprofen poisoning:
- nausea
- vomiting
- abdominal pain
Clinical presentation of diphenhydramine poisoning:
- sedation or stimulation
- tachycardia
- hypertension
- dry mouth
- dilated pupils
Clinical presentation of aspirin:
- have effects on multiple organs
Pharmacologic therapy for poisoning:
1 dose of 1g/1kg of activated charcoal within 1 hour
- can cause vomiting or black stools
Referral criteria for poisoning:
- CNS depression
- convulsions
- absent or poor gag reflex
- debilitation or advanced age
- suspected suicide attempt
- suspected abuse
Specifically for treating hemorrhoids, you should use…
preparation-h
