Weimar and Nazi Germany - Topic 2 Flashcards
what rank in army was hitler
corporal
what was hitler’s job before DAP
keeping an eye on political activists - a spy
when was the DAP founded
February 1919
what was hitler awarded in WW1
iron cross - first class - for bravery
who founded the DAP
Anton drexler
when did hitler join the DAP
19 September 1919
when did hiter take control of the DAP
1921
give the 4 parts of hitler’s takeover of the nazi party
policy
personal appeal
organisation and leadership of party
SA (brownshirts)
what 3 things was the DAP strongly opposed ti
weimar politicians who accepted T ofV, armistice and deposed kaiser
democracy
Jews - blamed for undermining economyw
when was the 25 point programme of the nazi party written
February 1920
when did hitler become head of propaganda for the nazi party
January 1920
give 3 ways hitler was a good orator
rehearsed speeches building up tension throughout
gestures and hand waving
publicity phots and paintings showing him as an orator
what was the DAP membership 1920 compared to 1930
1000 - 3000
give 4 things hitler did as head of propaganda in 1920
organised meetings and better advertisement as they got a permanent office in Munich 1920
renamed party NSDAP - clarified policies
swastika and party salute
NSDAP bought a newspaper - the people’s observer
how many copies of the people’s observer circulated
17 000
when did hitler force a leadership contest and defeat drexler to become leader
July 1921
give 4 senior nazi members after 1921
Rudolf Hess
Hermann goering
Julius streicher
ernst Rohm
who founded another nazi newspaper
the stormer newspaper - Julius streicher
who was ernst rohm popular with
ex soldiers
what was goering like
young and dashing
what 3 things did Julius stretcher help the nazi party with
ex army and had won the iron cross
brought supporters to nazi party and made it double in size
extended nazi support from Bavaria to central Germany as well
newspaper with 14 000 copies - founded in 1923
when was the SA formed
august 1921
who were the brownshirts
ex soldiers demolbolised and unemployed
how many SA by august 1922
800
what did the SA do to opposition
disrupted opposition meetings
what did the SA do at nazi meetings
controlled crowds
what did hitler select from the SA
personal bodyguards - Shock Troop - Stosstrupp
when did hitler become permanent dictator leader of NSDAP
January 1922
when was the Munich putsch
November 1923
give 2 long term causes of the Munich putsch
dolchstoss + resentment of Weimar Republic
by 1923 the NSDAP had 50 000 members
give 1 medium term cause of the Munich putsch
mussolini fascists = 1922 march on Rome in Italy
give 2 short term causes of Munich putsch
hyperinflation 1923
French in Ruhr
people didnt like that
give the 3 Bavarian government officials present on 8 November 1923
Gustav von Kahr
von seisser
von lossow
how many members of the SA were present in Munich putsch
600
who did hitler say would become leader of the German army in the Munich putsch
ludendorff
what was the plan of the Munich putsch
to take over the state of Bavaria
and then march on Berlin to overthrow republic
who released Kahr, seisser and lossow in the morning - unwittingly trusting them
ludendorff
how many members of the SA did hitler have ready to storm Bavaria and how many volunteers supporting
1000
2000
how many rifles did hitkler have
2000 - he was outgunned
how many of hitlers supporters and how many policemen died in the Munich putsch
14, 4
when was hitler arrested
11 November 1923
give 3 members of nazi party all arrested
rohm
streicher
ludendorff
was Ludendorff found guilty or not
not
the NSDAP was ___after the Munich putsch
banned
hitler was released after __months
9
how many years in prison was hitler sentenced to
5 - guilty of treason - lowest sentence
when was the ban on the NSDAP lifted
February 1925
how did hitler use his trial
to get national publicity
what did hitler do while in prison
wrote mein kampf
the nazis, under a different name, won how many seats in the 1924 election
32
what did hitler describe his time in prison as
a free education at the state’s expense
give 3 things about racism hitler wrote in mean camp
aryan race destined to rule the world
jewish conspiracy to undermine aryan rule
jews were undermining aryans by intermarriage and taking over German industry
give 4 other views apart from racism hitler describes in mean kampf
nationalism
socialism
totalitarianism
traditional German values
how was hitler promoting a nationalist agenda in mein kampf
reversing treaty of versailles
stressing need for lebensraum - living space
invading Russian land
how was hitler emphasising traditional German values in mein kampf
stressing need for
Clear male and female roles
strong work ethic
christian morality
old styles of German arts
when was hitler released from prison
20 December 1924
what did the failure of the Munich putsch persuade hitler he must do
achieve power using democratic mechanisms
after the putsch the party was run like a mini___and the party became well financed and organised - it even starts the ___ ___
state - with departments for all aspects of government
hitler youth
what was the rest of Germany divided into after the putsch
35 gaue (regions)
what were leaders of gaues called
gauleiter
how did hitler finance the nazi party
raised money from wealthy industrialists like Drupp and Bosch
by 1930 how many members of SA
400 000
while hitler was in prison who had the SA become loyal to
Ernst Rohm
what did hitler do in 1925 to control the SA
replaced Rohm as leader
what did hitler set up in 1925 to be his personal bodyguards
SS
who did hitler place as leader of SS
Heinrich Himmler
how many members of SS by 1930
3 000
when was the bamberg conference
1926
what was the split in the nazi party 1926
between nationalists and socialists
where were the socialists in nazi party
- gobbles and Strasser in northern, urban and industrial areas
where were the nationalists in the nazi party
hitler - rural areas like Bavaria
how many hours did hitler speak for at the Bamber g conference
5
who did hitler win over in the bomber conference
Goebbles
what 3 things did the bamberg conference do
confirm hitlers authority
goebbles made Gauleiter of Berlin as a reward
socialist principles of party weakened
how many members of nazi party 1929
100 000
give 3 reasons for limited support for nazis by 1929
economic stability restored by Stresemann
Hindenburg increased support for the Weimar republic
no support from working classes as economics were booming
in may 1928 how many seats did the nazis win and what ranking of how big they were as a party
12 seats
seventh biggest
just 810 000 votes - 2.6%
what economic crisis happened in October 1929
the Great Depression
explain the Wall Street crash in 3 steps
falling in share value
rushing to sell shares
Black Thursday 24 October 1929 = 13 million shares sold
investors lost lots of money
what effect did the Wall Street crash have in Germany
German banks lost money
people rushed out to take money from bank accounts
such as the German civil servant bank going bust =banks demanded loans back and
caused collapse of industry
give 3 effects on people from the Wall Street crash
industries and farms had to scale back and made many unemployed
companies that sold goods abroad lost money so made people unemployed
unemployed became poorer - didnt buy as much - harmed more businesses and made more unemployed
what was unemployment 1929 to 1933
1.3 milion
6.1 million
what was fall in industrial output 1929-32
40%
people with ___lost them in WSC
savings
what happened to wages after WSC
cut of wages (by 30%)
why did many become homeless after WSC
couldn’t afford rent
shanty towns sprang up
many turned to theft and violence
who was chancellor 1930-32
Bruning
what 2 things did bruning propose to do as chancellor
increased taxes for unemployment benefit
put fixed time limits on unemployment benefits
what caused bruning to govern by decree
the reichstag couldn’t agree on what to do so no laws could be passed after WSc
how many presidential decrees 1932 were passed by bruning asking Hindenburg
66
when did bruning resign
may 1932
what was nazi gain in votes from may 1928 to July 1932
12 - 230
what was communist gain invites may 1928 to July 1932
54 - 89
why did more middle and upper classes vote NSDAP as communist support grew
to stop the communists
what did hitler use in his campaign that was special
aeroplanes - provided by wealthy businessmen
give 2 reasons the SA helped increase support for the Nazis
they seemed organised and reliable
SA fought the red front fighters
what did the nazis promise the working classes
work and bread
give 3 reasons the middle classes supported the nazis
Great Depression
afraid of communists growing
wanted a return to traditional German values
how did nazis gain support from farmers
nazi policy of confiscation of private land changed saying only land from jews would be confiscated
how old was Hindenburg in 1932
84
when was the presidential election
march 1932
what % of the vote did Hindenburg get in march 1932 elections
49.6% - hitler got 30%
when was the presidential re election
April 1932
what did Hindenburg get in the re election April 1932
53% - hitler got 36%
what is autarky
self sufficiency
give 2 policies that led to bruning to resign
banned SA and SS and this caused unrest
announced he was buying up land to house the homeless - this led him to lose the support of Hindenburg
what type of coalition had schliecher organised a r
right wing coalition
who did schliecher suggest as the new chancellor for head of new right wing coalition
Franz Von Papen - friend of hindenbirg
what did von schliecher persuade Hindenburg of
the right wing coalition in coalition with the nazis could govern the riechstag using presidential decrees
what was the new coalition known as due to its undemocratic nature
the cabinet of the barons
when did von paper become chancellor
30 may 1932
who underestimated the nazis
von papen
before the July 1932 elections how many were killed in nazi communist clashes
100
the nazis were the ___party in the reichstag by 1932
largest
when was von paper sacked and why
November 1932
he called another election in November and nazi party support didnt fall by enough to make them lose their mandate it only fell to 196
who said that if von paper remained as chancellor civil war would break out
schliecher
what did Hindenburg see hitler as
a vulgar corporal
when did von shcliecher become chancellor
dec 1932
why did von schliecher find it difficult during his time as chancellor
he had no real political support
unable to govern with nazis against him
no public support
what did schlicher ask hindenbrug to do
suspend the constitution and make him head of a military dictatorship
what did von papen suggest as a solution to Hindenburg after schliecher asked him to form a democracy
make hitler chancellor and paper vice chancellor
thinking they could control hitler and just use him as a figurehead
when did hitkelr become chancellor
30 January 1933
give the role of Hindenburg in making hitler chancellor
monarhist
open to governing by article 48
give the roles of von paper and schliecher in making hitler chancellor
cabinet of barons
and wanted government of wealthy industrialists
give the role of all 3 in making hitler chancellor
underestimated hitler
