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TTRQS History > Crime And Punishment - Early Modern Period > Flashcards

Crime And Punishment - Early Modern Period Flashcards

1
Q

Context
Population of England 1500

A

2.5 million

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2
Q

Context
Population of England 1700

A

5-6 million

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3
Q

Context
What does population growth mean for crime and employment

A

More unemployment and more social crimes

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4
Q

Context
True or false: printing is invented and becomes a thing

A

True

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5
Q

Context
In what way did printing facilitate witch and vagabondage crime crazes?

A

Books, broadsheets and pamphlets are produced, discussing crimes such as witchcraft and vagabondage

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6
Q

Context
How did landowners influence crime?

A

Landowners get richer as inequality grows and laws defending property rights increase
Fear of crimes such as theft and vagabondage increases

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7
Q

Context
Does the feudal system exist anymore?

A

No

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8
Q

Context
When are monasteries dissolved

A

1536

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9
Q

Context
Why are monasteries dissolved?

A

Henry 8 is running out of money (could sell them for money) and they could harbour political dissent (as places of learning) and he is vulnerable due to his break with Rome

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10
Q

Context
How many monasteries did Henry dissolve

A

800

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11
Q

Context
What are two umbrella reasons for the number of beggars increasing

A

Poverty and unemployment

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12
Q

Context
The fact of which industry having problems increased Unemployment?

A

Cloth industry

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13
Q

Context
What action by landowners increased unemployment particularly in rural areas

A

Enclosure

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14
Q

Context
What effect does the dissolution of the monasteries have on poverty

A

Increases it as reduces help for the poor

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15
Q

Context
Give an example of a war which increased unemployment when veterans returned back from it

A

Anglo Spanish war 1585-1604

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16
Q

Context
Is there inflation or deflation in this period?

A

Inflation

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17
Q

Context
Do wages keep up with inflation?

A

No

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18
Q

Context
Is there a national system to help the poor?

A

No

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19
Q

Context
True or false: England becomes wealthier overall

A

True

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20
Q

Context
What is enclosure ?

A

Landowners stop allowing tenant farmers to rent land for growing crops and use the land to raise sheep as wool prices are high. This requires fewer people than crop farming and takes up more space, so many lose their jobs

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21
Q

Context
What does a difficult economic situation do to fear of crime

A

Increases it

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22
Q

Context
Does henry 8 increase or decrease taxes

A

Increase

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23
Q

Context
When is the debasement of the coinage roughly?

A

1544-1551

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24
Q

Context
Which two monarchs are most involved with the debasement of the coinage - what do they do?

A

Edward 6th and Henry 8th take some precious metals out of the currency, reducing its value - value of the pound decreases on global markets

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25
Context What feeling does the civil war inspire and when is Charles I executed?
1649 - the world has turned upside down
26
Context Why are the tudors so worried about rebellion?
Henry 7th seized the throne after rebellion against Richard 3rd - setting a precedent?
27
Context What is an example of a Protestant rebellion which succeeds for 9 days
Lady Jane Grey against Mary I - she is eventually beheaded and her husband and father are hung drawn and quartered
28
Context The lack of what means that noble families would find it easy to raise a rebellion?
Police force
29
Context The technological development of what three items increases threat of rebellion?
Firearms, gunpowder, pistols
30
Context How does the crown try to control the use of gunpowder?
Controls import and export of it
31
Context When did Henry 7 come to the throne
1485
32
Context When did Henry 8 come to the throne
1509
33
Context When did Edward 6 come to the throne
1547
34
Context When did Mary I come to the throne
1553
35
Context When did Elizabeth become queen
1558
36
Context When did James I become king
1603
37
Context When did Charles I become king
1625
38
Context When did Cromwell become lord protector?
1653
39
Context When did Charles II become king
1660
40
Context Who was the first personally Protestant monarch after Henry 7
Edward 6
41
Context What was Mary I religion?
Catholic
42
Context What religion was Charles I - what did it mean
Arminian Protestant - basically catholic pretending to be Protestant Many feared he would turn the country Catholic
43
Context Who was the last catholic King and when was there a revolution against him?
James II - 1688 (William of Orange)
44
Punishment Give 3 crimes punished with transportation and state the year transportation was introduced
1717 - Transportation Act Poaching, smuggling, highway robbery
45
Punishment What would theft be punished with?
Whipping/maiming
46
Punishment Give 3 crimes punishable by fines
Religious non-conformism, assault, selling goods at the wrong prices
47
Punishment For which two crimes would you be burned at the stake
Witchcraft and heresy
48
Punishment For which crime would you be hung drawn and quartered?
Treason
49
Punishment Which act makes poaching punishable by death (unless you are given specific permission)
1723 Black Act
50
Punishment Give 6 crimes punishable by death
Murder, arson, poaching, smuggling, highway robbery, rape
51
Punishment - vagrancy case study In what year are vagrants put in stocks and sent home?
1494
52
Punishment - vagrancy case study In what year is there a difference made in law between sturdy and deserving vagrants?
1531 Deserving are helped and sturdy are made to complete forced labour and whipped
53
Punishment - vagrancy case study In which year are vagrants whipped and branded ?
1547
54
Punishment - vagrancy case study When is the 1547 Vagrancy Act abolished?
1550
55
Punishment - vagrancy case study When are two time offenders for vagrancy executed?
1572
56
Punishment - vagrancy case study When are houses of correction built to help the poor?
1576
57
Punishment - vagrancy case study When is the poor law established to help the poor (local taxes to help the poor)
1601
58
Punishment - vagrancy case study In what year are vagrants whipped, branded and sent home? Second r time
1598
59
Punishment - vagrancy case study What person writes a book making the problem of vagabondage seem larger than it really is?
Thomas Hartman 1567 - a caveat for common cursetors
60
Punishment - treason case study Give the 7 stages of being hung drawn and quartered
Dragged through the street Hanging Hands and feet severed Emasculated Disembowelled and insides burned Beheaded Quartered
61
Punishment - treason case study Give a religious reason for such a harsh punishment for treason
Divine right = crime against king is crime against God + unification of church and state means a crime against one is. Crime against the other Religious changes make monarchs’ power unstable
62
Punishment - treason case study What is a political reason for such a harsh punishment for treason
‘New’ royal families had to assert a right to rule
63
Punishment - treason case study Poverty can cause unrest and hence____
Rebellion
64
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot Give the main motivation behind the gunpowder plot
Catholics thought James I would be anti catholic and they had faced years of (light) persecution from Elizabeth who stopped them hearing mass etc with religious settlement
65
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot Give two members of the gunpowder plot
Guy Fawkes + Thomas Percy
66
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot How many barrels of gunpowder were the catholic conspirators going to set off under the Houses of Parliament?
36
67
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot On what date did spies find a letter to Lord Monteagle (catholic) warning him not to attend parliament on 5th November? - uncovering the plot?
October 20 1605
68
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot Who caught guy fawkes and what was his title?
Spymaster general Robert Cecil
69
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot What is a theory about James I’s involvement with the gunpowder plot?
That he set it up to justify further catholic execution
70
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot How many days of torture were guy Fawkes and co tortured for?
12
71
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot How was guy Fawkes tortured?
With the rack
72
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot What was guy Fawkes’ eventual punishment?
Hung drawn and quatered
73
Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot When does Henry 8 make witchcraft punishable by death?
1542
74
How many heretics did Henry 8 kill?
81
75
How many heretics did Edward 6 kill?
2
76
How many heretics did Mary I kill?
284
77
How many heretics did Elizabeth I kill?
5 Link - gunpowder plot = 5 conspirators
78
How many did Henry 8 kill for treason?
174 Link - 1740s growth of armed smuggling gangs
79
How many did Edward 6 kill for treason?
7 000
80
How many did Mary I kill for treason?
100 Link - £100 under black act minimum farm annual turnover
81
How many did Elizabeth kill for treason?
8 000
82
How many vagabonds did London have in 1560?
69 Link - 1569 - national crime records
83
How many vagabonds were in London by 1660
555
84
In what period, after bad _____ did vagrants grow to 209 per year?
1570s
85
What is the difference btweeen a vagrant and vagabond?
A vagrant is a moving vagabond (homeless and jobless person
86
What is population of Uk compared to England in 1700/1750
5-6 million England + 9.5 million UK
87
In what areas only is the hue and cry still used?
Rural areas
88
What is the watchman - what does he do?
Carries a lamp to patrol at night and rings bell to signify curfew - if they don’t go home they will be seen as a criminal
89
True or false: the night watchman is paid
False
90
True or false: not all male householders in the area are expected to serve as a night watchman at some point
False - all of them are
91
Can town constables arrest suspects without a warrant from the JPs?
Yes
92
True or false: the role of town constable is a full time profession
True
93
Name 2 tings the town constables does as well as fight crime
Collect town payments for local things +break up fights
94
What is a thieftaker
Someone who hunts a criminal for a reward
95
Give an example of an infamous thieftaker
Jonathan wild - thief-taker general
96
How did Jonathan wild become such a successful thieftaker?
Arrested ‘thieves’ which he knew were rival gang members or member of his gang who didn’t listen to him
97
How many thieves was Jonathan wild responsible for the deaths of?
Over 60
98
When was Jonathan wild hanged?
1725
99
When did Matthew Hopkins start his witch hunts?
1645
100
What ongoing event facilitated Matthew hopkins’ work?
Civil war
101
How many people overall did Matthew Hopkins have hanged?
Up to 400
102
What was Matthew Hopkins known as?
Witchfinder genera;
103
What were familiars according to Hopkins?
Animal created by the devil to do the witches bidding
104
What 2 things could count as devil marks?
Stretch marks or spots
105
What were 2 examples of Matthew Hopkins’ torture methods?
Forced to stay standing up, stripped naked, stopped them sleeping
106
The creation of ___ society in ___ helped to decrease amounts of superstition in society
Royal - 1660
107
The growth of what helped to disprove superstitions
Education
108
hDecreasing conflicts after the turmoil of the civil war helped bring down numbers of ______ accusations
Witchcraft
109
When was the last accusation of witchcraft?
1684
110
What percentage of witchcraft accusations were against women?
80%
111
Why does Christianity see women as corrupted by the devil?
Eve
112
Child birth gives women marks which wicthfinders called
Devil marks
113
The prevalence of _____ made witchcraft accusations against women common
Misogyny
114
When did transportation to Australia begin?
1787

TTRQS History (19 decks)

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