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TTRQS History > Crime And Punishment - Early Modern Period > Flashcards

Crime And Punishment - Early Modern Period Flashcards

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1
Q

Context
Population of England 1500

A

2.5 million

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2
Q

Context
Population of England 1700

A

5-6 million

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3
Q

Context
What does population growth mean for crime and employment

A

More unemployment and more social crimes

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4
Q

Context
True or false: printing is invented and becomes a thing

A

True

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5
Q

Context
In what way did printing facilitate witch and vagabondage crime crazes?

A

Books, broadsheets and pamphlets are produced, discussing crimes such as witchcraft and vagabondage

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6
Q

Context
How did landowners influence crime?

A

Landowners get richer as inequality grows and laws defending property rights increase
Fear of crimes such as theft and vagabondage increases

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7
Q

Context
Does the feudal system exist anymore?

A

No

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8
Q

Context
When are monasteries dissolved

A

1536

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9
Q

Context
Why are monasteries dissolved?

A

Henry 8 is running out of money (could sell them for money) and they could harbour political dissent (as places of learning) and he is vulnerable due to his break with Rome

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10
Q

Context
How many monasteries did Henry dissolve

A

800

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11
Q

Context
What are two umbrella reasons for the number of beggars increasing

A

Poverty and unemployment

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12
Q

Context
The fact of which industry having problems increased Unemployment?

A

Cloth industry

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13
Q

Context
What action by landowners increased unemployment particularly in rural areas

A

Enclosure

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14
Q

Context
What effect does the dissolution of the monasteries have on poverty

A

Increases it as reduces help for the poor

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15
Q

Context
Give an example of a war which increased unemployment when veterans returned back from it

A

Anglo Spanish war 1585-1604

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16
Q

Context
Is there inflation or deflation in this period?

A

Inflation

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17
Q

Context
Do wages keep up with inflation?

A

No

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18
Q

Context
Is there a national system to help the poor?

A

No

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19
Q

Context
True or false: England becomes wealthier overall

A

True

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20
Q

Context
What is enclosure ?

A

Landowners stop allowing tenant farmers to rent land for growing crops and use the land to raise sheep as wool prices are high. This requires fewer people than crop farming and takes up more space, so many lose their jobs

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21
Q

Context
What does a difficult economic situation do to fear of crime

A

Increases it

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22
Q

Context
Does henry 8 increase or decrease taxes

A

Increase

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23
Q

Context
When is the debasement of the coinage roughly?

A

1544-1551

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24
Q

Context
Which two monarchs are most involved with the debasement of the coinage - what do they do?

A

Edward 6th and Henry 8th take some precious metals out of the currency, reducing its value - value of the pound decreases on global markets

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25
Q

Context
What feeling does the civil war inspire and when is Charles I executed?

A

1649 - the world has turned upside down

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26
Q

Context
Why are the tudors so worried about rebellion?

A

Henry 7th seized the throne after rebellion against Richard 3rd - setting a precedent?

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27
Q

Context
What is an example of a Protestant rebellion which succeeds for 9 days

A

Lady Jane Grey against Mary I - she is eventually beheaded and her husband and father are hung drawn and quartered

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28
Q

Context
The lack of what means that noble families would find it easy to raise a rebellion?

A

Police force

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29
Q

Context
The technological development of what three items increases threat of rebellion?

A

Firearms, gunpowder, pistols

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30
Q

Context
How does the crown try to control the use of gunpowder?

A

Controls import and export of it

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31
Q

Context
When did Henry 7 come to the throne

A

1485

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32
Q

Context
When did Henry 8 come to the throne

A

1509

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33
Q

Context
When did Edward 6 come to the throne

A

1547

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34
Q

Context
When did Mary I come to the throne

A

1553

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35
Q

Context
When did Elizabeth become queen

A

1558

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36
Q

Context
When did James I become king

A

1603

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37
Q

Context
When did Charles I become king

A

1625

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38
Q

Context
When did Cromwell become lord protector?

A

1653

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39
Q

Context
When did Charles II become king

A

1660

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40
Q

Context
Who was the first personally Protestant monarch after Henry 7

A

Edward 6

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41
Q

Context
What was Mary I religion?

A

Catholic

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42
Q

Context
What religion was Charles I - what did it mean

A

Arminian Protestant - basically catholic pretending to be Protestant
Many feared he would turn the country Catholic

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43
Q

Context
Who was the last catholic King and when was there a revolution against him?

A

James II - 1688 (William of Orange)

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44
Q

Punishment
Give 3 crimes punished with transportation and state the year transportation was introduced

A

1717 - Transportation Act
Poaching, smuggling, highway robbery

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45
Q

Punishment
What would theft be punished with?

A

Whipping/maiming

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46
Q

Punishment
Give 3 crimes punishable by fines

A

Religious non-conformism, assault, selling goods at the wrong prices

47
Q

Punishment
For which two crimes would you be burned at the stake

A

Witchcraft and heresy

48
Q

Punishment
For which crime would you be hung drawn and quartered?

A

Treason

49
Q

Punishment
Which act makes poaching punishable by death (unless you are given specific permission)

A

1723 Black Act

50
Q

Punishment
Give 6 crimes punishable by death

A

Murder, arson, poaching, smuggling, highway robbery, rape

51
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
In what year are vagrants put in stocks and sent home?

A

1494

52
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
In what year is there a difference made in law between sturdy and deserving vagrants?

A

1531
Deserving are helped and sturdy are made to complete forced labour and whipped

53
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
In which year are vagrants whipped and branded ?

A

1547

54
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
When is the 1547 Vagrancy Act abolished?

A

1550

55
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
When are two time offenders for vagrancy executed?

A

1572

56
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
When are houses of correction built to help the poor?

A

1576

57
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
When is the poor law established to help the poor (local taxes to help the poor)

A

1601

58
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
In what year are vagrants whipped, branded and sent home? Second r time

A

1598

59
Q

Punishment - vagrancy case study
What person writes a book making the problem of vagabondage seem larger than it really is?

A

Thomas Hartman 1567 - a caveat for common cursetors

60
Q

Punishment - treason case study
Give the 7 stages of being hung drawn and quartered

A

Dragged through the street
Hanging
Hands and feet severed
Emasculated
Disembowelled and insides burned
Beheaded
Quartered

61
Q

Punishment - treason case study
Give a religious reason for such a harsh punishment for treason

A

Divine right = crime against king is crime against God + unification of church and state means a crime against one is. Crime against the other
Religious changes make monarchs’ power unstable

62
Q

Punishment - treason case study
What is a political reason for such a harsh punishment for treason

A

‘New’ royal families had to assert a right to rule

63
Q

Punishment - treason case study
Poverty can cause unrest and hence____

A

Rebellion

64
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
Give the main motivation behind the gunpowder plot

A

Catholics thought James I would be anti catholic and they had faced years of (light) persecution from Elizabeth who stopped them hearing mass etc with religious settlement

65
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
Give two members of the gunpowder plot

A

Guy Fawkes + Thomas Percy

66
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
How many barrels of gunpowder were the catholic conspirators going to set off under the Houses of Parliament?

A

36

67
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
On what date did spies find a letter to Lord Monteagle (catholic) warning him not to attend parliament on 5th November? - uncovering the plot?

A

October 20 1605

68
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
Who caught guy fawkes and what was his title?

A

Spymaster general Robert Cecil

69
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
What is a theory about James I’s involvement with the gunpowder plot?

A

That he set it up to justify further catholic execution

70
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
How many days of torture were guy Fawkes and co tortured for?

A

12

71
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
How was guy Fawkes tortured?

A

With the rack

72
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
What was guy Fawkes’ eventual punishment?

A

Hung drawn and quatered

73
Q

Punishment - treason case study - gunpowder plot
When does Henry 8 make witchcraft punishable by death?

A

1542

74
Q

How many heretics did Henry 8 kill?

A

81

75
Q

How many heretics did Edward 6 kill?

A

2

76
Q

How many heretics did Mary I kill?

A

284

77
Q

How many heretics did Elizabeth I kill?

A

5
Link - gunpowder plot = 5 conspirators

78
Q

How many did Henry 8 kill for treason?

A

174
Link - 1740s growth of armed smuggling gangs

79
Q

How many did Edward 6 kill for treason?

A

7 000

80
Q

How many did Mary I kill for treason?

A

100
Link - £100 under black act minimum farm annual turnover

81
Q

How many did Elizabeth kill for treason?

A

8 000

82
Q

How many vagabonds did London have in 1560?

A

69
Link - 1569 - national crime records

83
Q

How many vagabonds were in London by 1660

A

555

84
Q

In what period, after bad _____ did vagrants grow to 209 per year?

A

1570s

85
Q

What is the difference btweeen a vagrant and vagabond?

A

A vagrant is a moving vagabond (homeless and jobless person

86
Q

What is population of Uk compared to England in 1700/1750

A

5-6 million England + 9.5 million UK

87
Q

In what areas only is the hue and cry still used?

A

Rural areas

88
Q

What is the watchman - what does he do?

A

Carries a lamp to patrol at night and rings bell to signify curfew - if they don’t go home they will be seen as a criminal

89
Q

True or false: the night watchman is paid

A

False

90
Q

True or false: not all male householders in the area are expected to serve as a night watchman at some point

A

False - all of them are

91
Q

Can town constables arrest suspects without a warrant from the JPs?

A

Yes

92
Q

True or false: the role of town constable is a full time profession

A

True

93
Q

Name 2 tings the town constables does as well as fight crime

A

Collect town payments for local things +break up fights

94
Q

What is a thieftaker

A

Someone who hunts a criminal for a reward

95
Q

Give an example of an infamous thieftaker

A

Jonathan wild - thief-taker general

96
Q

How did Jonathan wild become such a successful thieftaker?

A

Arrested ‘thieves’ which he knew were rival gang members or member of his gang who didn’t listen to him

97
Q

How many thieves was Jonathan wild responsible for the deaths of?

A

Over 60

98
Q

When was Jonathan wild hanged?

A

1725

99
Q

When did Matthew Hopkins start his witch hunts?

A

1645

100
Q

What ongoing event facilitated Matthew hopkins’ work?

A

Civil war

101
Q

How many people overall did Matthew Hopkins have hanged?

A

Up to 400

102
Q

What was Matthew Hopkins known as?

A

Witchfinder genera;

103
Q

What were familiars according to Hopkins?

A

Animal created by the devil to do the witches bidding

104
Q

What 2 things could count as devil marks?

A

Stretch marks or spots

105
Q

What were 2 examples of Matthew Hopkins’ torture methods?

A

Forced to stay standing up, stripped naked, stopped them sleeping

106
Q

The creation of ___ society in ___ helped to decrease amounts of superstition in society

A

Royal - 1660

107
Q

The growth of what helped to disprove superstitions

A

Education

108
Q

hDecreasing conflicts after the turmoil of the civil war helped bring down numbers of ______ accusations

A

Witchcraft

109
Q

When was the last accusation of witchcraft?

A

1684

110
Q

What percentage of witchcraft accusations were against women?

A

80%

111
Q

Why does Christianity see women as corrupted by the devil?

A

Eve

112
Q

Child birth gives women marks which wicthfinders called

A

Devil marks

113
Q

The prevalence of _____ made witchcraft accusations against women common

A

Misogyny

114
Q

When did transportation to Australia begin?

A

1787

TTRQS History (19 decks)

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