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TTRQS History > Paper 3 - Weimar Germany - Full Knowledge > Flashcards

Paper 3 - Weimar Germany - Full Knowledge Flashcards

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1
Q

Give 5 things people were unhappy about in the Weimar Republic

A

T of V (principally article 231)
Dolchstoss theory
Invasion of the Ruhr
Dawes plan/young plan

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2
Q

Where was Hitler born?

A

Austria

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3
Q

When did Hitler move to Vienna and what happened there?

A

1907 - Rejected by an art school and became homeless

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4
Q

What two hatreds did Hitler develop while homeless on the streets of Vienna?

A

Socialism/communism and Jewish people

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5
Q

What did Hitler win during WWI

A

An iron cross 1st class for bravery

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6
Q

What theory did Hitler really agree with after WWI?

A

Dolchstoss

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7
Q

What did Hitler work as after WWI?

A

A spy on extremist political parties working for the government

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8
Q

What party did Hitler spy on and then enjoy the ideas of?

A

The DAP

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9
Q

When was the DAP set up?

A

1919

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10
Q

Give the 3 main trends in belief for the DAP

A

Nationalistic
Anti Weimar
Socialist

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11
Q

Give 3 examples of nationalistic policies of the early DAP

A

No non-German newspaper editors
Re arming Germany - militarism/destroying treaty of Versailles involved
Anti semitism - wanting a racially pure society
Invade other countries for space for Germans - Lebensraum

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12
Q

Give 3 examples of anti Weimar ideas of the early DAP

A

Destroy T of V
Anti democracy
Dolchstoss
Missed Kaiser

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13
Q

Give 3 examples of socialist ideas of the early DAP

A

Educate gifted students at the state’s expense
Increase old age pensions
Restrict large corporations
Redistribute wealth with taxes/strong central government

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14
Q

When did the DAP become NSDAP - who renames it?

A

Feb 1920 - Hitler

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15
Q

Which leader of the NSDAP was replaced by Hitler in 1921

A

Anton Drexler

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16
Q

Who comprised the early brown shirts?

A

Unemployed former soldiers

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17
Q

Give 3 reasons why the SA grew to the thousands

A

Offered uniform, chance to fight for Germany again, camaraderie, community, Freikorps joined the organisation in

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18
Q

Give 3 ways Hitler improved as an orator

A

Planned speeches to build up tension along his key messages
Practiced gestures and movements
Had photos produced showing himself as an orator

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19
Q

What was Goebbels minister of?

A

Propaganda

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20
Q

Who was the head of the SA?

A

Ernst Rohm

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21
Q

What would the SA do at communist party meetings?

A

Cause disruption and then quell it with the SA - making the SA seem the party of order and the communists as a public nuisance - appealing to the middle classes

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22
Q

Give the 6 main ideas of the Nazi party WALESU

A

Social Darwinism
Lebensraum
Ethnic cleansing
Weakened Germany
Autarky
Unification of German speaking people

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23
Q

What is social Darwinism

A

The idea that some races were superior - the Aryan one - and had to compete with the Untermenschen (subhuman) groups - Jewish and Roma people were included in this - in order to stay strong

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24
Q

What does lebensraum mean?

A

Living space

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25
Q

What is the idea behind Lebensraum?

A

Germany has to expand territory to make ‘living space’ for German speaking people

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26
Q

What is ethnic cleansing?

A

Removing Jewish people from society - thinking this would lead to a stronger Germany

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27
Q

What is the idea behind weakened Germany?

A

T of V should be got rid of to prevent a weakened Germany

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28
Q

What does autarky mean?

A

Self sufficiency

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29
Q

What is the idea behind autarky and give one specific detail

A

Not relying on other countries for stuff - like money which was given by America to Germany as part of the Dawes plan

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30
Q

What was the main counrty that the NSDAP wanted to unite with as part of the aim to unite all German speaking people

A

Austria

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31
Q

What was the clause in the T of V which prevented unification of Austria and Germany?

A

Aunchluss

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32
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Creation of a weak central government

A

F - strong

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33
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Get rid of the T of V

A

T

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34
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Decrease pensions for the elderly

A

F - Increase

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35
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Denationalise industries

A

F - nationalise

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36
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Everybody should have a ___ insert word___

A

Job

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37
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Militarise

A

True - build up the armed forces

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38
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Only German races should be members of the nation - Jewish people and other non-Germans should leave

A

True

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39
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Lebensraum to feed the people

A

True

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40
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
All citizens should have equal rights and duties

A

T - surprisingly - as the definition of citizen was narrow

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41
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
Every hard working German should have the chance of a ____ / ____

A

Higher education

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42
Q

T or F: as part of the 25 point plan in T of V…
State must protect ___ and ___ and stop ____ working

A

Mothers
Infants
Children

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43
Q

What were ‘volkish’ ideas?

A

Wanting racial purity and promoting ethno-nationalism

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44
Q

What was the name of the Nazi party newspaper?

A

The people’s observer

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45
Q

What concept to do with authoritarianism did Hitler create?

A

Fuhrerprinzip

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46
Q

What was the fuhrerprinzip?

A

Hitler has complete power and authority and is answerable to no one

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47
Q

What symbol did Hitler adopt as the party emblem?

A

Swastika

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48
Q

T or F - Hitler created the raised arm salute

A

T

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49
Q

Hitler made the Jewish people a ___ for all of Germany’s problems

A

Scapegoat

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50
Q

How many were members of Nazi party in June 1920?

A

1 100

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51
Q

How many members did the Nazi party have by Nov 1923

A

55 000

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52
Q

Where was main base of support for the Nazi party

A

Bavaria - it was essentially a regional party

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53
Q

Give 3 categories of issues Germany was facing 1919-1923 and 2 examples for each

A

Economic - T of V + WWI
Political - Newness + T of V + public unrest
Social - Dolchstoss + T of V

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54
Q

What was the name of the army that helped Mussolini come to power in Italy 1922?

A

Blackshirts

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55
Q

What was Mussolini’s seizure of power in Italy called?

A

March on Rome

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56
Q

Why did Hitler think he could gain the support of the army generals leading up to the Munich putsch?

A

He thought Kahr(an army leader) would support him
He also thought General Ludendorff (very popular army general) would give him support

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57
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

8th Nov 1923

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58
Q

Who was involved in Munich putsch on Nazi side?

A

Hitler and 600 Nazis

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59
Q

What building did the Nazis seize at the start of the Munich putsch

A

Burgerbraukeller - large beer hall in Munich - where Kahr, Seisser and Lossow were having a meeting

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60
Q

What were the names of the 3 army leaders the Nazis tried to win the support of during the putsch

A

Kahr, Seisser and Lossow

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61
Q

Hitler took the army leaders at ___ to get them to support his takeover

A

Gunpoint

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62
Q

What was arguably the main flaw in the Munich putsch plan

A

The army leaders were allowed to leave

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63
Q

Which two army leaders changed their minds and organised troops to resist the uprising

A

Seisser and `Lossow

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64
Q

During the standoff between Nazis and the army leaders/police how many rifles did the Nazis have

A

2 000 only

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65
Q

How many were harmed as a result of the standoff in the Munich putsch

A

16 Nazis and 4 police officers

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66
Q

2 days later after the putsch ___ was arrested and the ___ was banned

A

Hitler / Nazi party

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67
Q

How did Hitler’s trial after the Munich putsch help the Nazis?

A

The judges allowed him to give impassioned speeches and he gained publicity

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68
Q

What was the usual punishment for treason (such as Hitler’s actions in the Munich putsch)?

A

Death penalty

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69
Q

What was the minimum sentence for treason? Was Hitler given this sentence?

A

5 years in prison
Yes

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70
Q

How long did Hitler’s imprisonment actually last?

A

9 months (out of 5 years)

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71
Q

During Hitler’s imprisonment what book did he write?

A

Mein kampf - my struggle

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72
Q

Give 3 things Mein Kampf was anti

A

Antisemitic
Anti democracy
Anti treaty of Versailles

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73
Q

T or F - Hitler was allowed unlimited books and visitors while in prison and had a relatively easy time

A

True

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74
Q

What did Hitler decide to do with the Nazi party during prison?

A

Re organise it to make it more respectable

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75
Q

Who was arrested alongside `Hitler and was absolved of all charges after the Munich putsch

A

Ludendorff

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76
Q

When was Nazi party banned until after the Munich putsch

A

1925

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77
Q

What did Mein Kampf say about its nationalist agenda

A

Lebensraum was needed - invasion of Russia and Poland and Eastern Europe

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78
Q

What did Mein Kampf say about the roles of men vs women

A

Traditional German values - they had specific roles

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79
Q

What was one short term negative impact of the failure of the Munich putsch

A

Replacement leader was poor - Alfred Rosenberg - and the party split into rival factions under his leadership

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80
Q

What did Hitler do when released from prison to do with the Nazi party

A

Persuaded the president of Bavaria to lift the ban on the Nazi party

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81
Q

What year did the Nazi party relaunch after the Munich putsch

A

Late 1924

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82
Q

What were the names of the party branches that Hitler created?

A

Gaue

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83
Q

How many party branches were there in total

A

35

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84
Q

What was the name of the regional leader of each Nazi party branch

A

Gauleiter

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85
Q

When was the bamberg party conference

A

1926

86
Q

Give 4 ways Hitler strengthened his position as leader during the bamberg party conference

A

His rivals (Goebbels and Strasser) were won over to agreeing with his leadership
Forced Ernst Rohm to resign as leader of the SA (as he couldn’t rely on Rohm’s loyalty)
Created the SS
Set up the Hitler Youth

87
Q

Give the names of 2 of Hitler’s rivals before the bamberg conference

A

Goebbels + Strasser

88
Q

What was Hitler called after 1926

A

Der Fuhrer - he was undisputed leader

89
Q

Give 1 change to the 25 point plan after 1926

A

Any land needed for communal services will be seized
To
Needed land will only be confiscated if owned by a Jew

90
Q

How many members did the Nazi party have 1925

A

27 000

91
Q

How many supporters did the Nazi party have 1928

A

Over 100 000

92
Q

After 1924 the Nazis were a ___ party attracting __ classes

A

National
All

93
Q

How many seats did the Nazis win in the 1928 elections

A

12

94
Q

How many seats did the Nazis hold 1924

A

32

95
Q

What % of the vote did the Nazis get in 1928

A

2.6%

96
Q

When were the golden years?

A

1924-1928

97
Q

Who didn’t benefit from the golden years?

A

Farmers - as food was imported from abroad which lowered prices

98
Q

When was the Wall Street crash

A

1929

99
Q

How many were unemployed October 1929

A

1.6 million

100
Q

How many were unemployed by Feb 1932

A

Over 6 million

101
Q

Shares worth ____ became worth ____ by the end of the day

A

20 000 USD to
10 000 USD

102
Q

How did banks collapse in Germany as a result of WSC

A

US banks call in loans given to Germany
Germans rush to take money from banks
Banks collapse and recall loans
Businesses collapse
Massive rise in unemployment

103
Q

Describe the process of slipping into depression after shock of WSC

A

Poverty increases due to less money/loans called in/business collapse
Demand falls
Businesses/farmers lose more money

Germans blame the government for becoming too reliant on US support

104
Q

Industrial production dropped by ___ % in the first year after the WSC

A

10

105
Q

After 3 years industrial production dropped by ___ since the WSC

A

40%

106
Q

What impact did the WSC have on the middle classes?

A

Lost savings or fell into debt - decreased the middle classes arguably

107
Q

What impact did the WSC have on young people in particular give a stat?

A

Over 50% of those between 16 and 33 were unemployed within the year

108
Q

What % of university graduates couldn’t get a job after WSC

A

60%

109
Q

What % of factory workers lost their jobs after WSC?

A

40%

110
Q

Farm prices ___ dramatically after WSC

A

Dropped

111
Q

What % of the unemployed received no benefits

A

Over 15%

112
Q

What % only received unemployment support from local councils (reduced compared to that of government)

A

30%

113
Q

What % received normal state benefits after WSC for unemployment

A

Only 30%

114
Q

What did many unemployed do?

A

Join private armies or violent political groups

115
Q

What does depression due to prices

A

Decreases them

116
Q

Give 3 things the government did to deal with depression

A

Cut wages
Increased tax
Cut spending

117
Q

Give 1 way in which the Nazis had an advantage in terms of propaganda

A

Wealthy businessmen gave the party money to stop the communists coming to power - which they used to commission an aeroplane to get Hitler to speeches across the country

118
Q

How many speeches could Hitler give per day 1929-1932 campaigning for the 1932 election:

A

Up to 5 (25 per week)

119
Q

How did the Nazis use parades of the SA as propaganda

A

Used them to show strength and organisation

120
Q

What did Hitler write propaganda should do in Mein kampf

A

Confine itself to very few points and repeat them endlessly

121
Q

Did the WSC affect the SPD’s share of the vote very much?

A

No - this perhaps indicates that communist/other extremist voters were convinced to join the Nazis rather than overthrowing centrist voters - the problem was there all along it wasn’t due to the Nazis?

122
Q

Give unemployment stats in 1929

A

1.3 million

123
Q

Give unemployment stats 1931 and Nazi share of the vote 1930

A

4.3 million
107 votes

124
Q

Give the unemployment stats 1932 and the election stats for July and November for Nazis

A

230 - July
196 - Nov
5.1 million

125
Q

Give the unemployment stats and election stats jan 1933

A

6.1 million
288 - Nazi share

126
Q

Explain why organisation was a factor in the increasing share of the vote for the Nazis

A

Recruited ex-soldiers and trained/motivated them, promoting obedience etc

127
Q

Give 3 examples of the propaganda used by the Nazi party to win support 1929-1933

A

Millions of posters, parades, rallies and marches carried the message everywhere

128
Q

How did the support of industrialists help the Nazis

A

Financial backing

129
Q

Nazis and nationalists made a deal to cooperate so the Nazis had less competition - T or F

A

True

130
Q

Give 3 examples of the use of technology in campaigning

A

Radio
Printing
Plane to fly and deliver speeches

131
Q

In 1932 - how many speeches was Hindenburg giving per week

A

1 - Hitler was giving 25

132
Q

What were workers promised by the Nazi party?

A

Break and work

133
Q

How did the Nazis prove they could provide work and bread?

A

They had employed/housed the SA

134
Q

What were farmers promised by Nazis

A

Higher crop prices

135
Q

What were shopkeepers promised?

A

Protection against competition - protectionism im assuming?

136
Q

What was the vague promise made to the German people about what they would make Germany

A

Make Germany great again

137
Q

The Nazis changed ideas that weren’t popular - give an example of a policy that was changed due to lack of public agreement

A

Nationalisation of industry

138
Q

Give 2 ways in which the Nazis promoted the image of Hitler the superman

A

Changed his physicality on posters
He refused to wear spectacles even though he was short sighted - had to print speeches in 12mm large print to compensate

139
Q

Give 2 ways in which opposition parties were weak

A

Other parties underestimated the Nazis
Many others quarrelled among themselves

140
Q

Which year did Hitler introduce the SA

A

1921

141
Q

When was Mein Kampf published

A

1925

142
Q

When did Hitler host the Olympics?

A

1936

143
Q

what did Hitler try and use the Berlin Olympics to do?

A

Promote Aryan supremacy and German strength on the world stage

144
Q

Which famous black American broke world records for running during the Berlin Olympics - undermining the Nazis mission

A

Jessie Owens

145
Q

Who stood for re election in march 1932?

A

Hindenburg

146
Q

How old was Hindenburg in 1932

A

84

147
Q

By what percentage did Hindenburg win the presidential election compared to Hitler

A

19.6% - however Hindenburg didnt secure a majority with only 49.6%

148
Q

When was the next presidential election ?

A

April 1932

149
Q

What % did Hindenburg get in the presidential election of April 1932?

A

53% - Hitler got 36%

150
Q

When does Bruning resign?

A

30 May 1932

151
Q

What was burning’s nickname? Why?

A

The hunger chancellor - raised taxes after WSC causing hunger and poverty

152
Q

What 2 things did bruning do that were really unpopular

A

Banned SS and SA - made Hitler annoyed and other parties as well fearing their paramilitary groups would be banned
Planned to buy land from large landowners to use to house the unemployed - made landowners (such as Hindenburg0 annoyed

153
Q

Who became chancellor after bruning resigned

A

Von papen

154
Q

T or F - Von papen was Hindenburg’s friend

A

T

155
Q

When Von Papen became chancellor he was the head of a coalition
Who created this coalition?

A

Von schliecher

156
Q

What was the coalition under Von papen?

A

Landowners, industrialists, army officers (right wing coalition)

157
Q

What was Von Papen/Schliecher’s leadership known as?

A

The cabinet of the barons

158
Q

T or false : papen and schliecher governed very democratically

A

False

159
Q

The cabinet of the barons governed by ___

A

Presidential decree - highly Un democratic

160
Q

What did schliecher call the Nazis - showing how much he underestimated them?

A

‘Merely children’

161
Q

In the run up to the July 1932 elections over ___ were injured and __ killed in clashes between Nazi armies and communists

A

7 000
100

162
Q

What % did the Nazis get at the 1932 general election

A

38% - 230 seats

163
Q

T or false - the Nazis were the largest party after the July 1932 election

A

T - this meant Hitler demanded to be made chancellor

164
Q

Why were the November 1932 elections called?

A

To try and make Nazi support fall

165
Q

What did the Nazi share of the vote fall to after the NOv 1932 elections

A

196

166
Q

What did people fear if Von `papen stayed as chancellor after Nov 1932 elections

A

Civil war

167
Q

Who became chancellor 1932 December

A

Von Schliecher

168
Q

Give the date that Von Schliecher became chancellor

A

2 Dec 1932

169
Q

What was Hindenburg’s naive hope behind making Von Schliecher chancellor

A

He hoped Nazi support would decrease

170
Q

When did Hitler become chancellor?

A

Jan 1933

171
Q

What did Von Schliecher ask Hindenburg to help him create once he realised they didnt have enough support in the Reichstag due to the strength of the Nazis

What did Hindenburg say?

A

A military dictatorship
No

172
Q

T or False - Von Papen thought he could control Hitler

A

T

173
Q

Give one way in whcih Hindenburg contributed to Hitler becoming a dictator

A

Liked the Kaiser’s government so open to rule by presidential decree - which led to the normalisation of authoritarianism

174
Q

Give one way in which Von Schliecher and papen contributed to Hitler becoming a dictator

A

Cabinet of the barons undermined the republic
Underestimated Hitler

175
Q

Who was the leader of the KPD?

A

Thalmann

176
Q

How many members of the SA were there by 1932?

A

600 000

177
Q

Give 4 ways in which Hitler was limited upon becoming chancellor

A

Only 2 other Nazis in the cabinet (out of 9)
Didn’t have a majority in the Reichstag
Hindenburg was still powerful
The SA might not be on his side - some were communist sympathisers as the ideas of the communists and the Nazis were very similar

178
Q

Give one way Hitler tried to get more power using elections

A

Asked for a new election by 5th March 1933

179
Q

Give one law which Hitler passed by ____ decree to give himself more power to do with elections

A

Presidential
Law for free and peaceful elections

180
Q

When was the law for free and peaceful elections passed?

A

4th Feb 1933

181
Q

What did the law for free and peaceful elections state

A

All election meetings have to be declared to the police 48 hours in advance
And police have to be allowed into each meeting - police usually Nazi sympathisers

182
Q

What were Goering’s orders to the police on Feb 17th 1933

A

Nazi or nationalist meetings weren’t to be meddled with but communist party meetings had to be stopped, however violently m

183
Q

What did Goering do on the 22nd of February 1933

A

Gave members of the SA the same powers as official police officers

184
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th Feb 1933

185
Q

What was the name of the communist who set the Reichstag on fire (allegedly) and what was his nationality

A

Marinus Van Der Lubbe
Dutch

186
Q

Give a name of a historian who disputes the idea that Van Der Lubbe set the Reichstag on fire on his own

A

William Shirer

187
Q

What was Goering’s immediate response to the Reichstag fire?

A

That 4 000 communist leaders be imprisoned

188
Q

What did Hitler do as an immediate result of the Reichstag fire

A

Used it as an excuse to declare a state of emergency, saying that the state was under attack and hence passed an emergency presidential decree

189
Q

Give 5 things the emergency presidential decree did (decree for the protection of the people and the state)

A
  • could search and arrest political opponents
  • banned communist newspapers
  • control the police but allow SA violence
  • suspension of freedom of speech
  • death penalty for disturbances of the peace
190
Q

Give 3 freedoms that were banned as a result of the presidential emergency decree after the Reichstag fire

A

Banned freedom of speech, the press and assembly

191
Q

What did the presidential decree allow the police to do about trials

A

It allowed them to hold people without trial indefinitely

192
Q

How many days before the election did the Reichstag fire break out?

A

6 days

193
Q

How did the Nazis use the Reichstag fire to their advantage in the lead up to the election on the 5th March

A

Stirred anti communist resentment

194
Q

N/a

A

Enabling act

195
Q

How many seats did the Nazis win in the March 1933 election

A

288

196
Q

What did Hitler do after the March 1933 election (to do with parties in the Reichstag)

A

Made the communist party illegal

197
Q

What was the enabling act?

A

It allowed Hitler to govern for 4 years without parliament

198
Q

Give 2 things Hitler did using the enabling act

A

Abolished trade unions
Abolished all parties apart from the Nazis

199
Q

When did Hitler abolish trade unions

A

May 1933

200
Q

When did Hitler abolish all parties apart from the Nazis

A

July 1933

201
Q

What did Hitler replace trade unions with?

A

Labour front

202
Q

When was the night of the long knives?

A

29th-30th June 1934

203
Q

Why did Hitler see the SA as a threat

A

Many members were loyal to Ernst Rohm and it was unpopular with some Germans

204
Q

What did Hitler do on the night of the long knives

A

Sent men to arrest/kill Rohm and other SA leaders/senior politicians

205
Q

How many people were killed or imprisoned during the night of the long knives

A

Estimated range from 700-1000

206
Q

When was the enabling act passed?

A

23 March 1933

207
Q

Who was in control of SS 1933

A

Himmler

208
Q

What uniform colour did the SS wear

A

Black

209
Q

Give 2 possible explanations for the night of the long knives

A

Wanted to keep the middle classes on his side who were worried about SA in the streets
Wanted to keep the army on his side

210
Q

Give 4 reasons Hitler supported the army over the SA (pro army)

A

Big businesses and landowners supported the army and Hitler needed their support
To expand Germany (Lebensraum) Hitler needed the army on his side
Army was only thing that could remove Hitler

211
Q

Give 3 arguments for supporting army over SA (SA being bad)

A

Many SA members were communist
Rohm was drunk and a homosexual and wanted to make the SA more powerful so disagreed with Hitler
SA was getting too involved in daily running of country

TTRQS History (19 decks)

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