Crime And Punishment - Normans In Depth Revision Flashcards
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What were the royal forests called in the forest laws?
Nova foresta
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
How many villages were evicted?
40
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What did the forest laws say?
Poaching was illegal unless you pay for hunting rights
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What type of crime did poaching become under these new laws?
Social crime
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
Did people still poach after the forest laws and why?
They relied on the land so yes
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What were the murdrum laws?
If anyone killed a Norman and the perpetrator wasn’t found then whichever village the body was found in everyone in the tithing had to pay a fine
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
When was the Black Death?
1348
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What act was passed as an indirect result of the Black Death?
Statute of labourers 1351
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What was the statute of labourers and when was it passed?
1351 - illegal for peasants to ask for more money as they had been wanting more money due to the lack of people to do the job fix they thought they could get more money as the landowners had no choice
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What was the mund?
Area around the home that the homeowner had the right to defend as it belonged to them - new Norman idea
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What could the country also be called? How did this link to the king’s peace ?
The king’s mund - he must continue to defend the king’s peace
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of the law?
Who enforced the new forest laws?
Foresters - who could hand out severe punishment and were hated by locals
How did the Norman invasion change definitions of the law?
What was the new form of trial by ordeal introduced by the Normans?
Trial by combat - as the Norman nobles were skilled in combat
How did the Normans change law enforcement?
They introduced coroners in the late 1100s to determine cause of death
How did the Normans change law enforcement?
When were coroners established?
Late 1100s
How did the Normans change law enforcement?
What were parish constables and were they change or continuity?
Change - church organised law enforcement to help deal with criminals
How did the Normans change law enforcement?
Did the hue and cry continue?
Yes
How did the Normans change law enforcement?
Were hundreds introduced?
Yes - shows population growth
How did the Normans change law enforcement?
What was the new name for shire reeves?
Sheriffs - catching criminals
How did the Normans change law enforcement?
When was the posse comitatus introduced?
What did it do?
1100s
Helped sheriffs round people up when hue and cry was raised
How far did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?
Did punishments get more lenient or harsher?
Harsher and William 1 wanted deterrent for rebellion - as he was a foreigner
How did the Normans change law enforcement?
What is an example of William’s harsh punishments as a deterrent effect?
William killed 100 000 in the harrying of the north
How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?
What were the 4 main types of punishment?
- Fines paid to the king
- Mutilation and flogging
- Hanging and beheading
- Stocks and pillory
How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?
What 3 crimes would be punished with fines?
Maiming, murder, large theft
How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?
What could maiming be the punishment of?
Poaching, theft, adultery
How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?
What would murder and treason be punished with?
Hanging and beheading
How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?
Give 3 continuities
Community law enforcement
Church teachings influence
Most punishments same
How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?
What is one reason for more crimes?
No freemen - so more serfs and more crimes that serfs can commit and more motives
Also higher population
How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?
What is an example of an expansion of law enforcement?
Hundreds
How did the church impact medieval crime and punishment?
Give 4 strong impacts of the church on crime and punishment
Catholic teaching of forgiveness and abstinence from moral sin such as excessive drinking, adultery and public disorderliness
Biblical punishment - eye for an eye
Church trials could be more lenient
Granting criminals sanctuary making more lenient punishment
How did the church impact medieval crime and punishment?
2 arguments for weaker impact of the church
Enforced king’s rule
Not directly involved in law making
What was life like in Norman England?
What was the social system called and who was in it?
King
Nobles - Norman nobles higher ranking than normal
Knights - played role in law enforcement and were Norman as they were trained
Serfs
What was life like in Norman England?
What percent is rural?
90%
What was life like in Norman England?
What is a change with new feudal system?
No more freemen - now more knights
What was life like in Norman England?
What kind of castles were introduced?
Motte and Bailey
What was life like in Norman England?
True or false; the bare foundation of parliament was only introduced later
False - early parliament was created
What was life like in Norman England?
What fraction of the population died as a result of the 1348 Black Death?
1/3
What was life like in Norman England?
When was Magna Carta made?
1215
What was the church like in Norman England?
What percent of the country’s wealth did the church own?
1/5
What was the church like in Norman England?
What kind of court did the church have?
A court for priests which was more lenient and rarely used the death penalty - introduced by William 1
What was the church like in Norman England?
What was the name of the church’s ability to let a criminal leave the country in less than 40 days to escape punishment?
Benefit of sanctuary
What was the church like in Norman England?
When was benefit of sanctuary abolished?
1485
What was the church like in Norman England?
Which king sent knights to kill Thomas Beckett - when?
Henry 2.
1170
What was the church like in Norman England?
What did Henry 2 do as penance in 1174?
Let himself be whipped 300 times
What was the church like in Norman England?
What psalm did you have to recite to avoid the death penalty?
Psalm 51
What was the church like in Norman England?
What crimes could the church put people on trial for?
Moral crimes like sex before marriage, and adultery
When were the forest laws?
1072
What percentage of the population lives in rural areas?
90%
When were the first constables introduced?
1250
When did Henry II send knights to kill Thomas Becket?
1170
When was Thomas becket canonised?
1173
When did Henry II let himself be whipped _____ times for penance?
1174 - 300
When was the harrying of the north when ____ died of starvation?
1069 - 100 000
Which psalm did you have to recite to avoid the death penalty?
51
When did local landowners become Justices of the Peace?
1361
When were posse comitatuses made and what were they?
1194 - a group of men from the village called by the sheriff to catch a criminal
What were 3 courts in the Middle Ages?
Royal, manor and church courts
What type of crime did royal courts deal with?
Felonies
What value of goods being stolen would count as a felony?
More than 12 pence worth
Was there a strong chance of getting off of a felony?
Medium
True or false: almost no one was convicted in manor courts
False
What was the fine for trespasses?
A fine
Justices of the peace judged in what type of court
Manor court
Did the monarch have any power over church courts?
No
What two circumstances would warrant a church court hearing?
Immoral crimes, priests accused of breaking the law
Give 6 ways of avoiding punishment
Approver = successfully accuse 10 criminals
Join the army in times of war
Buy a pardon from the crown
Claim benefit of sanctuary
Claim benefit of clergy (through psalm 51 or being a priest)
Getting pregnant
Later medieval punishment included the new ______ for treasonous offences
Hanging, drawing and quartering
