Crime And Punishment - Normans In Depth Revision Flashcards by Counter Time

How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?
What were the royal forests called in the forest laws?

Nova foresta

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

How many villages were evicted?

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

What did the forest laws say?

Poaching was illegal unless you pay for hunting rights

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

What type of crime did poaching become under these new laws?

Social crime

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

Did people still poach after the forest laws and why?

They relied on the land so yes

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

What were the murdrum laws?

If anyone killed a Norman and the perpetrator wasn’t found then whichever village the body was found in everyone in the tithing had to pay a fine

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

When was the Black Death?

1348

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

What act was passed as an indirect result of the Black Death?

Statute of labourers 1351

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

What was the statute of labourers and when was it passed?

1351 - illegal for peasants to ask for more money as they had been wanting more money due to the lack of people to do the job fix they thought they could get more money as the landowners had no choice

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

What was the mund?

Area around the home that the homeowner had the right to defend as it belonged to them - new Norman idea

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of law?

What could the country also be called? How did this link to the king’s peace ?

The king’s mund - he must continue to defend the king’s peace

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of the law?

Who enforced the new forest laws?

Foresters - who could hand out severe punishment and were hated by locals

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How did the Norman invasion change definitions of the law?

What was the new form of trial by ordeal introduced by the Normans?

Trial by combat - as the Norman nobles were skilled in combat

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How did the Normans change law enforcement?

They introduced coroners in the late 1100s to determine cause of death

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How did the Normans change law enforcement?

When were coroners established?

Late 1100s

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How did the Normans change law enforcement?

What were parish constables and were they change or continuity?

Change - church organised law enforcement to help deal with criminals

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How did the Normans change law enforcement?

Did the hue and cry continue?

Yes

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How did the Normans change law enforcement?

Were hundreds introduced?

Yes - shows population growth

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How did the Normans change law enforcement?

What was the new name for shire reeves?

Sheriffs - catching criminals

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How did the Normans change law enforcement?

When was the posse comitatus introduced?
What did it do?

1100s
Helped sheriffs round people up when hue and cry was raised

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How far did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?

Did punishments get more lenient or harsher?

Harsher and William 1 wanted deterrent for rebellion - as he was a foreigner

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How did the Normans change law enforcement?

What is an example of William’s harsh punishments as a deterrent effect?

William killed 100 000 in the harrying of the north

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How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?

What were the 4 main types of punishment?

Fines paid to the king
Mutilation and flogging
Hanging and beheading
Stocks and pillory

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How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England?

What 3 crimes would be punished with fines?

Maiming, murder, large theft

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How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England? What could maiming be the punishment of?

Poaching, theft, adultery

How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England? What would murder and treason be punished with?

Hanging and beheading

How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England? Give 3 continuities

Community law enforcement Church teachings influence Most punishments same

How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England? What is one reason for more crimes?

No freemen - so more serfs and more crimes that serfs can commit and more motives Also higher population

How did the Norman invasion change crime and punishment in England? What is an example of an expansion of law enforcement?

Hundreds

How did the church impact medieval crime and punishment? Give 4 strong impacts of the church on crime and punishment

Catholic teaching of forgiveness and abstinence from moral sin such as excessive drinking, adultery and public disorderliness Biblical punishment - eye for an eye Church trials could be more lenient Granting criminals sanctuary making more lenient punishment

How did the church impact medieval crime and punishment? 2 arguments for weaker impact of the church

Enforced king’s rule Not directly involved in law making

What was life like in Norman England? What was the social system called and who was in it?

King Nobles - Norman nobles higher ranking than normal Knights - played role in law enforcement and were Norman as they were trained Serfs

What was life like in Norman England? What percent is rural?

90%

What was life like in Norman England? What is a change with new feudal system?

No more freemen - now more knights

What was life like in Norman England? What kind of castles were introduced?

Motte and Bailey

What was life like in Norman England? True or false; the bare foundation of parliament was only introduced later

False - early parliament was created

What was life like in Norman England? What fraction of the population died as a result of the 1348 Black Death?

1/3

What was life like in Norman England? When was Magna Carta made?

1215

What was the church like in Norman England? What percent of the country’s wealth did the church own?

1/5

What was the church like in Norman England? What kind of court did the church have?

A court for priests which was more lenient and rarely used the death penalty - introduced by William 1

What was the church like in Norman England? What was the name of the church’s ability to let a criminal leave the country in less than 40 days to escape punishment?

Benefit of sanctuary

What was the church like in Norman England? When was benefit of sanctuary abolished?

1485

What was the church like in Norman England? Which king sent knights to kill Thomas Beckett - when?

Henry 2. 1170

What was the church like in Norman England? What did Henry 2 do as penance in 1174?

Let himself be whipped 300 times

What was the church like in Norman England? What psalm did you have to recite to avoid the death penalty?

Psalm 51

What was the church like in Norman England? What crimes could the church put people on trial for?

Moral crimes like sex before marriage, and adultery

When were the forest laws?

1072

What percentage of the population lives in rural areas?

90%

When were the first constables introduced?

1250

When did Henry II send knights to kill Thomas Becket?

1170

When was Thomas becket canonised?

1173

When did Henry II let himself be whipped _____ times for penance?

1174 - 300

When was the harrying of the north when ____ died of starvation?

1069 - 100 000

Which psalm did you have to recite to avoid the death penalty?

When did local landowners become Justices of the Peace?

1361

When were posse comitatuses made and what were they?

1194 - a group of men from the village called by the sheriff to catch a criminal

What were 3 courts in the Middle Ages?

Royal, manor and church courts

What type of crime did royal courts deal with?

Felonies

What value of goods being stolen would count as a felony?

More than 12 pence worth

Was there a strong chance of getting off of a felony?

Medium

True or false: almost no one was convicted in manor courts

False

What was the fine for trespasses?

A fine

Justices of the peace judged in what type of court

Manor court

Did the monarch have any power over church courts?

What two circumstances would warrant a church court hearing?

Immoral crimes, priests accused of breaking the law

Give 6 ways of avoiding punishment

Approver = successfully accuse 10 criminals Join the army in times of war Buy a pardon from the crown Claim benefit of sanctuary Claim benefit of clergy (through psalm 51 or being a priest) Getting pregnant

Later medieval punishment included the new ______ for treasonous offences

Hanging, drawing and quartering