Elizabeth - essential revision - finished apart from use whiteboards for government Flashcards
how should people treat those below you in the hierarchy
duty of care
what is the social hierarchy of society and towns (6 / 5)
nobles
gentry
yeoman
tenant farmers
landless and labouring poor
vagrants and homeless
merchants
professionals
business owners
skilled craftsmen
unskilled labourers and unemployed
what is a guild
an organisation created by skilled craftsmen
monitors standards and working conditions
give 2 examples of religious festivals
plough Sunday in January where ploughs were blessed
harvest festival - giving thanks for a plentiful harvest
the Catholic Church was seen as needing reform for what 3 reasons
greedy, corrupt and didn’t follow bible properly
protestants wanted the bible translated from __to ___
latin to English
protestants wanted to remove the catholic position of the ___
pope
protestants didn’t think __, __ or ___were necessary (church leaders) but they accepted ___
cardinals,
bishops
archbishops
priests
bible and church services should be in ___according to protestants
English
sins can only be forgiven by ___according to protestants but catholics believe they can be forgiven by ___
God, church
Catholics believe in ___during mass but protestants don’t
transubstantiation
priests shouldn’t wear special ___according to protestants
clothing
churches should be ___so as not to distract from contemplation of God
plain/simple
there are __sacraments in catholicism but only __in protestantism
7, 2
in protestantism priests can/cannot marry
cannot
in 1558, most bishops were ____
catholic
what is a diocese
an area looked after by a bishop
London and the south east were more strongly ____and lichfield and the north west were more strongly ___
protestant
catholic
Why was London and the south east more protestant
protestant books from the German states (NOT GERMANY AS DIDNT EXIST)and Netherlands circulated as they came through London and ports
many protestants, during Mary I reign escaped to where
Netherlands - a tolerant protestant state
puritans didn’t want what
a monarch as head of church
give 3 parts of the religious settlement
act of supremacy act of uniformity royal injunctions
what did the act of supremacy do
made Elizabeth supreme governor of C of E and all clergy and royal officials had to swear an oath of allegiance to her as head of church
set up ecclesiastical high commission to maintain discipline within church and enforce the religious settlement
what did the act of uniformity do generally
established appearances of churches and the form of church services
what were royal injunctions generally
instructions from sir William Cecil to reinforce acts of supremacy and uniformity
who issued the royal injunctions
sir William Cecil
what book was introduced by the act of uniformity which set out how church services should be performed?
book of common prayer
the wording of the book of common prayer was very/not very clear which meant what
not very clear
catholics could interpret that transubstantiation could happen but Protestant could treat communion as an act of remembrance
what did the book of common prayer say about priests wearing special clothing
that they should wear it
the act of uniformity issued a fine if you dint attend church on Sundays or on extra holy days, how much was this fine
1 shilling per absence
a one shilling fine could be a whole___ pay for many labourers
weeks
the royal injunctions stated that all clergy had to teach ___
royal supremacy
the royal injunctions stated that no one could __without a license from the government
preach
pilgrimages were banned by ___
royal injunction
what was the income of Elizabeth at the start
286 667
when was debasement of coinage
1540s
when did Elizabeth pass the peace of Troyes
1564
what did the peace of Troyes do
officially cede control of calais to france
when did MQS flee Scotland
1568
when was Lammas days
2 August
when was st swithin’s day
15 July
what % of wages went to church annually (tithe)
10
when elizabth banned visiting sites of ‘fake’ miracles - the catholics liked this as well as the protestants because____
catholics thought their sites were ‘real’ and hence allowed while protestants liked stopping the fake monument visiting
who was the pope at the time of religious settlements
pope pius IV
how many out of 10 000 clergy accepted the settlement
8 000
only ___out of all bishops agreed to take the oath of supremacy as part of the act of supremacy
1
Elizabeth appointed __new bishops after the religious settlement
27
bishops carried out ___3-4times per year
visitations
give 3 examples of moral crimes dealt with by church courts
marriage, bigamy and adultery and slander
parish clergy in towns often dealt with extra bad stuff due to overcrowding such as …
poverty, disease, smallpox and plague and vagrancy
the first visitations in___led to ___clergy being dismissed
1559
400
Elizabeth made it clear that she didn’t want ___
the settlement enforced too strongly
during visitations it wasn’t just churches that were inspected but __as well
other professions like teachers and surgeons - the church therefore monitored things for the government
what were the two areas of controversy for puritans over the RS
crucifixes and clothing
what did puritans see crucifixes as
idols
the queen originally wanted ___in churches but when many puritan bishops threatened to resign she did what
crucifixes
backed down
why did elizabth back down when puritan clergy threatened to resign over the crucifixes issue
there weren’t enough protestant clergy to fulfil the positions
when did____issue the book of advertisements to set out guidelines for what priests should wear
Matthew Parker
1566
of the 110 priests invited to be shown what vestments to wear and when __didnt attend and hence lost their posts
37
puritanism was concentrated where
Oxford, Cambridge, London and east anglia
when was the puritan manifesto written and was it accepted by the government or not
1572 - admonition to parliament
what was the campaign against Protestantism known as
the counter reformation
when did the pope issue an instruction saying that priests shouldn’t attend church services
1566
authorities were ordered not to investigate ___too closely so as not to create __
recusants
martyrs
what fraction of the nobility were recusants
1/3
Elizabeth’s favourite nobles were from new/old nobility or not even from the nobility
new
give an example of a new noble family
dudley - robert dudley
give an example of a non noble family
Cecil
which two earls were Catholic and prosperous under Mary I
Earls of northumberland and Westmorland
give an example of a powerful European catholic family
Hapsburg family
the ___empire, __empireand the __ ___empires were all catholic
spanish, austria, holy roman
when did religious war break out in France
1562
when had elizabth helped Scottish protestants rebel
1560
the religious war in France began and ended in __
1562
when was the treaty of toyes
1564
by helping protestants in France the only thing elizabth had achieved was pissing off ___
king Philip II of Spain
when was elizabth excommunicated
1570
who did the Netherlands belong to
king Philip II of spain
when did Philip II of Spain ban the exporting of English cloth to the Netherland and why
he thought it was encouraging the spread of protestantism 1563
what did elizabth do to retaliate against Phillip’s banning of cloth exports from England to Netherlands
set up a trade embargo against Netherlands
how long did elizabeths trade embargo against Netherlands last
1 year
after Mary I died ___proposed to Elizabeth but she refused - this still suggests he hoped England would be a good ally
king Philip II
king Philip II brought the ___to the Netherlands leading to ___in ____
spanish inquisition
dutch revolt
1566
when was the dutch revolt put down after ___soldiers were sent to the Netherlands
10 000
1568
Duke of alba (Spanish) established the ___in the Netherlands after the dutch revolt was defeated
council of troubles - nicknamed council of blood
what did the council of blood do
sentenced many dutch protestants to death - many fled to England
how large was. the duke of albas army
10 000
what were the dutch rebels known as
sea beggars
when did Elizabeth seize the genoese loan
1568
describe what happened in the genoese loan
Genoa lent gold to Spain and the ships carrying it sheltered in English ports
Elizabeth seized it arguing it belonged to genoese bankers
what were the genoese ships taking shelter from
sea beggars
when did MQS flee to England from Scotland
1568
when was the Scottish protestant lords rebellion
1559
when did the Scottish protestant lords rebellion end
1560
when does Mary I return to Scotland after her husband Francis II of France dies
1561
when does MQS marry lord Darnley
1565
when does James I get born
1566
when is lord Darnley murdered and who does MQS marry instead
1567 - earl of Bothwell
when do Scottish protestant lords rebel against MQS and force her to abdicate and imprison her
1567
when does MQS escape prison and flee to England
1568
when is Mary I placed under house arrest in England
1569
what relation was MQS to Henry 8th
great granddaughter
what relation was MQS to elizabth
second cousin
when did elizabth help protestant lords defeat Mary of guise in the rebellion
1560
what did the Scottish rebellion end with and what did It state
the treaty of Edinburgh 1560 - it said Mary would give up her claim to the English throne
to take action against MQS, an anointed monarch would also reduce ___’s status and authority
Elizabeth’s
Mary being handed over to the Scottish lords would anger who
france - as MQS had been married to king Francis II of Spain
what there any conclusion to the casket letters affair which led to conferences 1968-69
no - as elizabeth wouldn’t try an anointed monarch (but also didn’t want the French to be annoyed if she murdered MQS) when protestants tried to prove she had plotted to murder lord Darnley (due to love letters supposedly from MQS to lord Darnley)
from ___catholic priests were smuggled into England to help keep English catholics true to the faith
1574
what were 4 threats to Elizabeth early reign
MQS, Dutch, spain, catholics at home
when was the revolt of the northern earls
1569
give 4 reasons the northern earls rebelled
MQS was in England as a suitable contender
wanted catholicism restore
had lost influence in elizabeths new court
no heir
give 6 key rebels
Charles neville
Jane neville
Thomas howard
Thomas Percy
ann Percy
MQS
both __and ___encouraged their husbands to rebel
ann Percy
Jane neville
which two earls involved in the revolt of the northern earls were catholic
earl of Westmorland, Charles neville
and the earl of northumberland, Thomas Percy
when did Elizabeth create a protestant archbishop of durham and what was his name
1561 - James Pilkington
James Pilkington was popular/unpopular due to his efforts to impose protestantism
unpopular
earls of westmorland and northumberland resented their sudden lack of influence in court and the rising influence of new protestants like ____ and _____
William Cecil
Robert dudley
who was the Duke of Norfolk
Thomas howard
why did the court want Mary to marry Thomas Howard the duke of ___
norfolk
he was protestant, when they had kids they would have a protestant heir to the throne
why were many in the court uncertain and worried about arranging the marriage between Duke of Norfolk Thomas ___and MQS
howard
marriage and successorship was a matter of the royal prerogative and the marriage needed the queen’s consent and Duke of Norfolk had catholic tendencies and sympathies
when did who reveal the plot of the revolt of the northern earls to Elizabeth
Robert dudley - september 1569
what was stage 1 of the revolt of the northern earls
earl of northumberland and Westmorland to raise forces and take control of durham
what was stage 2 of the revolt of the northern earls
rebels march south to join Duke of Norfolk
what was stage 3 of the revolt of 1569
several thousand Spanish troops to land at hartlepool
Duke of ____+ rebels from the earls + Spanish troops to seize ____ and overthrow Elizabeth
norfolk
London
what is stage 6 of the revolt of 1569
MQS to be freed and marry Duke of Norfolk
what was elizabeths first response to the revolt of 1569
send the duke of Norfolk to the tower on 1 nov
the earls of Westmorland and northumberland, despite the key player in their rebellion being Locked up in the tower did what
carried on anyways and took control of Durham
give 2 reasons the 1569 rebellion failed
Spanish troops didnt show up and Elizabeth raised an army of 14 000 men
how many rebels were executed to instil fear in the northern population after the 1569 revolt
450
how large were the rebel forces held by the earl of Westmorland and northumberland
5 400
which earl was captured and eventually executed
northumberland - 1572 and his head was put on a spike
when was the papal bull
1570
what was elizabeths response to the papal bull
she passed an act of parliament in 1571 that made it illegal to call her a heretic and illegal to print papal bulls in England
the revolt of 1569 ended the influence of what families
the Percys and Nevilles
who excommunicated Elizabeth
pope pius 5
what did the papal bull on Catholics to do
depose Elizabeth
when did Elizabeth send a protestant to lead the council of the north
1572
WHICH PROTESTANT DID ELIZABETH SEND TO LEAD THE COUNCIL OF THE NORTH AND SUPPRESS CATHOLICISM
EARL OF HUNTINGDON
when was the ridolfi plot
1571
who was Roberto fidolfi
an Italian banker and spy for the pope
the same as the revolt of 1569 - who was MQS to be married to
the duke of Norfolk
which 3 people did Roberto ridolfi discuss the plot with
pope, Philip II and Duke of Alba
Philip II told alba to prepare how many men if necessary to invade in the ridolfi plot
10 000
who uncovered the ridolfi plot
William Cecil
when was duke of Norfolk executed
June 1572
after the ridolfi plot, Elizabeth focussed on improving relations with who
france
the revolt of the northern earls failed in part because of what
northern landowners were uncertain about helping the plot as they didn’t want to risk losing wealth and many in Lancashire and Cheshire were loyal to Elizabeth
what was the duke of Norfolk guilty of due to evidence gathered by William Cecil about the ridolfi plot
high treason
parliament demanded the execution of what two people after the ridolfi plot
MQS and the duke of Norfolk - Elizabeth only killed one of them
when did catholic priests start to be smuggled into England
1574
where were priests kept
in priest holes
when were two laws passed against Catholics as a result of the ridolfi plot
1581
what did the laws of 1581 say about catholics
recusants to be fined £20 - lots of money
attempting to convert to catholicism = treason
the ridolfi plot confirmed that what country was still a threat
spain
when was the throckmorton plot
1583
who was to marry MQS in the throckmorton plot
French Duke of Guise
what would Philip II provide in the throckmorton plot
financial support
who was the act as the go between with Mary in the throckmorton plot
Francis throckmorton
how was the pope connected to the throckmorton plot
he knew of and approved of the plans
who was Secretary of State from 1573
sir franc Walsingham
who was arrested first in the throckmorton plot
Francis throckmorton - November 1583
when was Francis throckmorton tortured and executed
1584
what was the plan of the throckmorton plot
French Duke of guise would invade England, free MQS and restore Catholicism and Marry her
throckmortons papers discovered at his house had a list of what
catholic sympathisers in England - confirms Liz’s fears of the catholic threat and puts many in danger
how many Catholics imprisond or kept under surveillance/house arrest after the throckmorton plot 1583
11 000
when was it made punishable by death to shelter or help catholic priests
1585
when was the BAbington plot
1586
what wa the idea of the babington plot
to execute Elizabeth
for the French Duke of guise to invade with 60 000 men and put Mary on the thronew
which two people supported the babington plot of 1586
Philip II of Spain and the pope
who was the go between in the babington plot
Anthony babington
who uncovered the babington plot
sir francis Walsingham
Francis Walsingham got the names of how many Catholics involved in the babington plot and arrested them
6
when was Mary QS tried by privy council
October 1586
when did Elizabeth finally sign MQS’s death warrant
feb 1587
Elizabeth arrested how many recusants in north London alone
300
how many priests executed after the babington plot
31
what act stated that if Elizabeth was assassinated then MQS would be barred from succession
1585 act for the preservation of the queen’s safety
in January 1587 what were there rumours of
the idea that Spanish troops had landed in Wales and that Mary had escaped
when MQS died who did she leave her claim to the English throne to
king Philip II of Spain
sir Francis walsignham had a mix of trained spies and ___
ordinary people
by 1580, Walsingham had agents in how many towns in France
12
what did walsignham use to hide his plans
ciphers
give an example of a catholic priest who was held in the tower and offered services as a spy in return for a pardon
John hart
what type of people (French word) did Walsingham use to catch naughty people
agents provocateurs
when was John hart held in the tower
1581
what did Walsingham say about torture
without torture I know we shall not prevail
during elizabeths reign how many priests were executed
130
give an example of an agent provocateur used by Francis walsignham
gilbert gifford
give an example of Francis walsignham using a person who could decipher things
Thomas phelippes
give elizabeths 3 foreign policy aims
developing trade to benefit economy
protect borders/throne
avoid war
what was the new world
north and South America
what was a privateer
merchant or explorer who would do pirating (capture ships etc) with the support of government
give 2 barriers involving Spain to England’s trade
Spain controlled lots of the new world
as well as controlling the Netherlands (a key route into European markets)
anyone who wanted to trade in the new world needed what from Spain
a license
give 3 valuables in the new world
silver, sugar, tobacco
what did many English merchants/privateers do in the new world
traded illegally without a licence and raided Spanish ships
when was Francis drake hired as a privateer
1572
give an example of Francis drake’s pirating
1570-71 he captured Spanish ships and seized their cargoes
when drake went to Panama he collected how much Spanish silver
£40 000
when did drake return to England and was he welcomed or not
1573 - no as liz was working on relations with Spain but she only publicly didn’t welcome him, privately she was happy
