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TTRQS History > Crime And Punishment - Modern Period > Flashcards

Crime And Punishment - Modern Period Flashcards

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1
Q

Context - modern period
When was WWI

A

1914-1918

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2
Q

Context - modern period
When were there votes for all on equal terms?

A

1928

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3
Q

Context - modern period
When was WWII

A

1939-1945

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4
Q

Context - modern period
When did the welfare state begin

A

1948

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5
Q

Context - modern period
When was the Race Relations Act passed?

A

1965

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6
Q

Context - modern period
When was the miners strike

A

1983

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7
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was homosexuality decriminalised for men over the age of 21

A

1967

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8
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When did large amounts of immigrants come into the UK

A

1950s

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9
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was abortion legalised

A

1967

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10
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
What Act made homophobia a crime

A

Criminal justice act of 2005

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11
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
What act made it illegal to refuse jobs, housing, or public service on the grounds of race

A

1968 Race Relations Act

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12
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was the Domestic Violence Act passed and what did it do

A

1976 - allowed female victims of domestic violence to settle a court order

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13
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was the spreading of religious or racial hatred classified as a crime?

A

2006

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14
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was rape within marriage made illegal?

A

1991

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15
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was it made illegal to use controlled and coercive behaviour on a partner

A

2014

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16
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
In what decade were attitudes significant;y liberalised including in legislation

A

1960s

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17
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was a driving licence introduced?

A

1935

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18
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When was the Fingerprint Branch introduced?

A

1901

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19
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
In what decade did police start to use computers

A

1960s

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20
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When were breathalysers introduced for drunk drivers

A

1967

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21
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When was the Police National Computer launched?

A

1980

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22
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When were speed cameras introduced?

A

1988

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23
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When was the National DNA database set up?

A

1995

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24
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
The police specialised into units such as:
The ___ squad, the ____ squad, the specialist ____ units, the ___handling units, and the ___ branch

A

Fraud squad, bomb squad, specialist drug trade units, dog handling units, special branch

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25
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
What does the special branch do

A

Deals with national security threats

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26
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
What are some differences between the peelers and police now?
There is more ____, better _____, and more protection for police officers.

A

There is more diversity, better technology, and more protection for police officers

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27
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
What did the prison population increase by between 1993 and 2015?

A

Doubled

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28
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
What are 3 reasons for an increase in prison population between 1901 and 2000?

A

Population increase, more crimes investigated and solved, more things are illegal

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29
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
What is the male prison population approximately in 2000 ?

A

60 000

30
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
What did a higher prison population do to change punishments in the 1900s

A

Increased non-custodial sentences

31
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
Give 3 examples of non-custodial sentences

A

Probation, parole, community service orders

32
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When was probation introduced and what is it

A

1907 - offender is free but reports to a probation officer once a week. If they re offend they are likely to go to prison

33
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When were fines extended in their use as alternatives to prison?

A

1914

34
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When was birching(Caning) abolished

A

1962

35
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When was parole introduced? What was it

A

1967 - prison sentences could end early on a suspended sentence

36
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When were community service orders introduced? What were they

A

1972 - complete 40-300 hours of unpaid community work

37
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When were electronic tags introduced?

A

1990s

38
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When did ofsted mark over 50% of prisons as requiring improvement for learning and skills

A

2014

39
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When was the first Borstal introduced and what was it for?

A

1902 - to separate older criminals and juvenile offenders

40
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
How did borstals attempt to reform inmates?

A

Exercise, practical skills, discipline

41
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
Under what act was a hierarchy of severity of prisons introduced, along with minor crime attendance centres?

A

1948 criminal justice act

42
Q

Punishment - modern period - changes
When were two acts passed which emphasised the care and protection of young people, raised the age of criminal responsibility from 8-10 and introduced more non-custodial sentencing for young people?

A

1963 and 1969 Children and young persons acts

43
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
What were conscientious objectors?

A

People who objected to fighting in war on moral, religious or political grounds

44
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
True or false: conscientious objectors had to appear before a tribunal to state their case for not fighting

A

True

45
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
What would be counted as a legitimate reason for not fighting in the war?

A

If you had a job essential to the war already (E.g. munitions worker)

46
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
What would a possible role awarded by an exemption for conscientious objectors?

A

Non-combatant role in the army (E.g. digging trenches), have a local job essential to the war

47
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
True or false: a conscientious objector couldn’t be shot or forced to join the army

A

False - they could

48
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
How many conscientious objectors got an exemption not to fight in the First World War?

A

16 500

49
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
Did conscientious objection become more or less acceptable in the Second World War?

A

More

50
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
What was one reason for an increase in conscientious objection WWI-WWII and how many did it increase to?

A

People had better understanding of destruction and death, it increased from 20 000 WWI to 60 000 WWII

51
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
Under what act were single men (and later married men) 18-41 conscripted to the army in WWI?

A

Military Service Act 1916

52
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
How many days of hard labour could be involved in a prison sentence for conscientious objectors?

A

112

53
Q

Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors
What was ‘cat and mouse’ treatment of conscientious objectors?

A

Objectors would serve sentences and then immediately be re-imprisoned on the same charge

54
Q

Crime - modern period - summary
Summarise 5 reasons which lead to a change in crimes in 5 words

A

Liberalisation - social change, secularisation - religious change, welfare state - political change, technology

55
Q

(16 marker) - ‘types of crimes have not changed since the 1800s only the methods use to commit them’
Plan this

A
56
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
What act creates the idea of hate crime? What are the protected characteristics outlined in this act?

A

Criminal justice act 2005 - gender, race, sexuality, disability

57
Q

Crime - modern period - changes
Give 4 examples of crimes which have emerged or changed from the development of technology

A

Extortion, copyright theft, fraud (email fraud), cybercrime

58
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When was the police training college set up to train police recruits?

A

1947

59
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When was the neighbourhood watch set up, how many households are involved, and by whom was it set up?

A

1982 - 3.8 million - Margaret Thatcher

60
Q

Crime - modern period - changes
When was domestic violence recognised as a crime?

A

1976

61
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
When was Broadmoor hospital opened for treating offenders with mental illness?

A

1896

62
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
When were open prisons established?

A

1933

63
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
What are ASBOS?

A

Anti social behaviour orders

64
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
When was the death penalty abolished?

A

1969

65
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
What were 3 famous cases of capital punishment which played a role in ending the death penalty

A

Timothy Evans, Derek Bentley, Ruth Ellis

66
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
What was shocking about Timothy Evan’s case?

A

He was hanged even though he was innocent

67
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
What was shocking about Derek Bentley’s case

A

Derek Bentley was killed for saying ‘let him have it’, which was ambiguous as it could have meant for his companion to shoot a police officer who the companion was attacking or let him have the gun
He also had a mental age of 11.
His companion couldn’t be sentenced as he was under 18 - Derek was 19

68
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
What was shocking about the case of Ruth Ellis?

A

She had suffered violent abuse by her husband, shot him, and was killed for it under the death penalty

69
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
What were the dates of the cases of Timothy Evans, Derek Bentley and Ruth Ellis

A

1950, 1953, 1955

70
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
How many MPs signed a petition calling for Derek Bentley’s sentence to be reprieved?

A

200

71
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
What do some believe about the reason Derek Bentley was not not sentenced to death?

A

The government wanted to make an example of him, to discourage attacks on police officers

72
Q

Punishment - modern period - change
When did the Homicide Act reduce the number of crimes punishable by death to 6

A

1957

TTRQS History (19 decks)

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