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TTRQS History > Crime And Punishment - Modern Period > Flashcards

Crime And Punishment - Modern Period Flashcards

1
Q

Context - modern period
When was WWI

A

1914-1918

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2
Q

Context - modern period
When were there votes for all on equal terms?

A

1928

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3
Q

Context - modern period
When was WWII

A

1939-1945

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4
Q

Context - modern period
When did the welfare state begin

A

1948

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5
Q

Context - modern period
When was the Race Relations Act passed?

A

1965

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6
Q

Context - modern period
When was the miners strike

A

1983

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7
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was homosexuality decriminalised for men over the age of 21

A

1967

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8
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When did large amounts of immigrants come into the UK

A

1950s

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9
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was abortion legalised

A

1967

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10
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
What Act made homophobia a crime

A

Criminal justice act of 2005

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11
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
What act made it illegal to refuse jobs, housing, or public service on the grounds of race

A

1968 Race Relations Act

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12
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was the Domestic Violence Act passed and what did it do

A

1976 - allowed female victims of domestic violence to settle a court order

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13
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was the spreading of religious or racial hatred classified as a crime?

A

2006

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14
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was rape within marriage made illegal?

A

1991

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15
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was it made illegal to use controlled and coercive behaviour on a partner

A

2014

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16
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
In what decade were attitudes significant;y liberalised including in legislation

A

1960s

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17
Q

Crime - modern period - attitudes
When was a driving licence introduced?

A

1935

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18
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When was the Fingerprint Branch introduced?

A

1901

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19
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
In what decade did police start to use computers

A

1960s

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20
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When were breathalysers introduced for drunk drivers

A

1967

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21
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When was the Police National Computer launched?

A

1980

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22
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When were speed cameras introduced?

A

1988

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23
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
When was the National DNA database set up?

A

1995

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24
Q

Law enforcement - modern period - changes
The police specialised into units such as:
The ___ squad, the ____ squad, the specialist ____ units, the ___handling units, and the ___ branch

A

Fraud squad, bomb squad, specialist drug trade units, dog handling units, special branch

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25
Law enforcement - modern period - changes What does the special branch do
Deals with national security threats
26
Law enforcement - modern period - changes What are some differences between the peelers and police now? There is more ____, better _____, and more protection for police officers.
There is more diversity, better technology, and more protection for police officers
27
Punishment - modern period - changes What did the prison population increase by between 1993 and 2015?
Doubled
28
Punishment - modern period - changes What are 3 reasons for an increase in prison population between 1901 and 2000?
Population increase, more crimes investigated and solved, more things are illegal
29
Punishment - modern period - changes What is the male prison population approximately in 2000 ?
60 000
30
Punishment - modern period - changes What did a higher prison population do to change punishments in the 1900s
Increased non-custodial sentences
31
Punishment - modern period - changes Give 3 examples of non-custodial sentences
Probation, parole, community service orders
32
Punishment - modern period - changes When was probation introduced and what is it
1907 - offender is free but reports to a probation officer once a week. If they re offend they are likely to go to prison
33
Punishment - modern period - changes When were fines extended in their use as alternatives to prison?
1914
34
Punishment - modern period - changes When was birching(Caning) abolished
1962
35
Punishment - modern period - changes When was parole introduced? What was it
1967 - prison sentences could end early on a suspended sentence
36
Punishment - modern period - changes When were community service orders introduced? What were they
1972 - complete 40-300 hours of unpaid community work
37
Punishment - modern period - changes When were electronic tags introduced?
1990s
38
Punishment - modern period - changes When did ofsted mark over 50% of prisons as requiring improvement for learning and skills
2014
39
Punishment - modern period - changes When was the first Borstal introduced and what was it for?
1902 - to separate older criminals and juvenile offenders
40
Punishment - modern period - changes How did borstals attempt to reform inmates?
Exercise, practical skills, discipline
41
Punishment - modern period - changes Under what act was a hierarchy of severity of prisons introduced, along with minor crime attendance centres?
1948 criminal justice act
42
Punishment - modern period - changes When were two acts passed which emphasised the care and protection of young people, raised the age of criminal responsibility from 8-10 and introduced more non-custodial sentencing for young people?
1963 and 1969 Children and young persons acts
43
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors What were conscientious objectors?
People who objected to fighting in war on moral, religious or political grounds
44
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors True or false: conscientious objectors had to appear before a tribunal to state their case for not fighting
True
45
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors What would be counted as a legitimate reason for not fighting in the war?
If you had a job essential to the war already (E.g. munitions worker)
46
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors What would a possible role awarded by an exemption for conscientious objectors?
Non-combatant role in the army (E.g. digging trenches), have a local job essential to the war
47
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors True or false: a conscientious objector couldn’t be shot or forced to join the army
False - they could
48
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors How many conscientious objectors got an exemption not to fight in the First World War?
16 500
49
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors Did conscientious objection become more or less acceptable in the Second World War?
More
50
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors What was one reason for an increase in conscientious objection WWI-WWII and how many did it increase to?
People had better understanding of destruction and death, it increased from 20 000 WWI to 60 000 WWII
51
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors Under what act were single men (and later married men) 18-41 conscripted to the army in WWI?
Military Service Act 1916
52
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors How many days of hard labour could be involved in a prison sentence for conscientious objectors?
112
53
Punishment - modern period - case study - conscientious objectors What was ‘cat and mouse’ treatment of conscientious objectors?
Objectors would serve sentences and then immediately be re-imprisoned on the same charge
54
Crime - modern period - summary Summarise 5 reasons which lead to a change in crimes in 5 words
Liberalisation - social change, secularisation - religious change, welfare state - political change, technology
55
(16 marker) - ‘types of crimes have not changed since the 1800s only the methods use to commit them’ Plan this
56
Crime - modern period - attitudes What act creates the idea of hate crime? What are the protected characteristics outlined in this act?
Criminal justice act 2005 - gender, race, sexuality, disability
57
Crime - modern period - changes Give 4 examples of crimes which have emerged or changed from the development of technology
Extortion, copyright theft, fraud (email fraud), cybercrime
58
Law enforcement - modern period - changes When was the police training college set up to train police recruits?
1947
59
Law enforcement - modern period - changes When was the neighbourhood watch set up, how many households are involved, and by whom was it set up?
1982 - 3.8 million - Margaret Thatcher
60
Crime - modern period - changes When was domestic violence recognised as a crime?
1976
61
Punishment - modern period - change When was Broadmoor hospital opened for treating offenders with mental illness?
1896
62
Punishment - modern period - change When were open prisons established?
1933
63
Punishment - modern period - change What are ASBOS?
Anti social behaviour orders
64
Punishment - modern period - change When was the death penalty abolished?
1969
65
Punishment - modern period - change What were 3 famous cases of capital punishment which played a role in ending the death penalty
Timothy Evans, Derek Bentley, Ruth Ellis
66
Punishment - modern period - change What was shocking about Timothy Evan’s case?
He was hanged even though he was innocent
67
Punishment - modern period - change What was shocking about Derek Bentley’s case
Derek Bentley was killed for saying ‘let him have it’, which was ambiguous as it could have meant for his companion to shoot a police officer who the companion was attacking or let him have the gun He also had a mental age of 11. His companion couldn’t be sentenced as he was under 18 - Derek was 19
68
Punishment - modern period - change What was shocking about the case of Ruth Ellis?
She had suffered violent abuse by her husband, shot him, and was killed for it under the death penalty
69
Punishment - modern period - change What were the dates of the cases of Timothy Evans, Derek Bentley and Ruth Ellis
1950, 1953, 1955
70
Punishment - modern period - change How many MPs signed a petition calling for Derek Bentley’s sentence to be reprieved?
200
71
Punishment - modern period - change What do some believe about the reason Derek Bentley was not not sentenced to death?
The government wanted to make an example of him, to discourage attacks on police officers
72
Punishment - modern period - change When did the Homicide Act reduce the number of crimes punishable by death to 6
1957

TTRQS History (19 decks)

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