Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Systems > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of living organisms

A 
Common set of chemical components and similar structures 
Interact with environment
Contain genetic info
Convert external molecules 
Extract energy from environment 
Replicate 
Evolve through gradual change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 domains

A

Archae
Bacteria
Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Human makeup

A 
Atoms
Small molecules
Large molecules, proteins and nuclei acid
DNA 
Cells
Cell specialisation 
Tissue
Organ
Organ systems 
Mutlicellular organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Theory of evolution

A

Organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical and behavioural traits to better adapt to their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Natural selection

A

Leads to adaptions, structural, physical or behavioural traits that enhance survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Left by themselves, organised entities tend to become more random
Energy is required for cells to combat tendency for their structures to lose organisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DNA

A

Made up of 2 strands of linked sequences of nucleotides

4 nucleotides - C,G,A,T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gene

A

Consists of specific sequence

Contains info for making certain protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proteins

A

Govern chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

Larger cells engulfing small cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cellular specialisation

A

Become specialised to perform certain functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mutations

A

Happens when genome is replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mutation effect

A

Gives rise to structural and functio changes
Alters nucleotide sequence as well as proteins
Harmful or no effect, but may improve organism function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Positive feedback

A

Destabilises the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Negative feedback

A

Stabilises a system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formation of nuclei acids

A

Reproduced and contain information to produce proteins

17
Q

Organisms start

A

Started as unicellular prokaryotes confined to ocean to be protected by uv light

18
Q

Lack of o2

A

No protective 03 layer

19
Q

Photosynthesis evolution

A

O2 was a by product and harmful to most prokaryotes
Organisms that tolerated o2 evolved aerobic metabolism and grew larger
O2 produced layer of ozone which absorbed harmful uv and organisms move from sea to land

20
Q

Proximate explanations

A

Immediate genetic, physiological, neurological and developmental processes that explain how adaption works

21
Q

Ultimate explanations

A

Processes that led to the evolution of an adaption

22
Q

Theory

A

Body of scientific work which is tested and well established facts and principles are used to make predictions

23
Q

Scientific method

A 
Observations
Questions
Hypotheses 
Predictions
Testing
24
Q

Controlled experiments

A

Manipulate factors

25
Q

Independent variables

A

The variable being measured

26
Q

Dependent variable

A

The response that is measured

27
Q

Comparative experiments

A

Difference between samples and groups, variables not controlled

28
Q

Evolution of cells

A 
4.5 billion years ago cell nuclei is made 
Cell membranes are formed 
Prokaryotes develop 
Endosymbiosis 
Eukaryotes 
Eukaryotes don't seperate
Cell specialise
29
Q

Binomial naming

A

Genus then species

30
Q

Hierarchy of life

A 
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Cell specialisation 
Tissues
Organs 
Organ systems 
Population
Community
Landscape 
Biosphere
31
Q

Endosymbiosis Theory

A

Theory that eukaryotic cells evolved via the engulfing of one prokaryotic cell by another

32
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Polymer made of nucleotides, specialised for storage, transmission and expression of genetic info

33
Q

Null hypothesis

A

The premise that any differences observed in an experiment are simply the result of random differences that arise from drawing two finite samples from same populations

34
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Catabolic pathways by which electrons are removed from various molecules and passed through intermediate electron carriers to o2, generating h2o and releasing energy

35
Q

Adaption

A

The evolutionary process that leads to the development or persistence of such a trait

36
Q

Genome

A

Complete DNA sequence for a particular organism

37
Q

Computational model

A

System in which the interactions among components are expressed as mathematical functions

38
Q

Regulatory system

A

System that uses feedback information to maintain a physiological function or parameter at optimum level

Biological Systems (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions