Week 9 Topical - Anti-infectives Flashcards
Which of the topical antibacterials is available only with a prescription?
Mupirocin (bactroban, centany)
What is the mechanism of action of mupirocin?
inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Mupirocin has bacteri-_______ effects on gram ________ organisms
-cidal, positive and negative
true or false
mupirocin provides coverage for MRSA
True
What are the two indications for mupirocin listed in the book?
- Impetigo (“school scores”
- treatment for Nasal MRSA carriers
Bacitracin is a topical __________
antibacterial
What is the mechanism of action of bacitracin?
cell wall synthesis inhibitor
True or false
Bacitracin is mostly bactericidal
false - it has minimal bactericidal effects
Bacitracin primarily has gram ________ coverage
positive
What are the active ingredients in the OTC double-antibiotic ointment (Polysporin)?
Bacitracin, polymixin B
Polymixin B has bactericidal activity vs gram _______ organisms
negative
What is the mechanism of action of neomycin?
aminoglycoside - protein synthesis inhibitor
Double and triple antibiotic ointments combine products to provide _______ spectrum coverage
broad
What is a possible ADR when using topical antibacterials?
skin reactions
_________ systemic absorption occurs with topical antibiotics
minimal
unless they are applied to large areas of non-intact skin
Dermatophytes are a type of fungus, and include ________
-TINEA’s
* corporis (ringworm)
* cruris (jock itch)
* pedis (athletes foot)
* capitis
What is the mechanism of action of nystatin?
changes fungal cell membrane permeability
True or false
In addition to being used for oral, mucosal, and cutaneous candida, nystatin is also effective against dermatophytes
False
The azole class of antifungals includes clotrimazole (lotrimin) and ketaconazole. What are their MOA’s?
Alter cell membrane by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis
True or false
Clotrimazole (lotrimin) is first line therapy for candida species
True
topical antifungal
The “azole” topical antifungals are effective against _______
yeast and dermatophytes
Ketoconazole is contraindicated in pregnancy because of possible __________
teratogenic effects
even though it is topical, risk vs benefit
What is the MOA of terbinafine (lamisil)
inhibits ergosterol synthesis
topical antifungal
Terbinafine is used to treat _______
topical dermatophyte infections
What is the mechanism of action of butenafine (lotrimin ultra)
inhibits ergosterol synthesis
Acyclovir (zovirax) is a topical __________
antiviral
What are the indications for topical acyclovir (zovirax)?
Herpes Simplex Virus
* HSV1 - non genital
* HSV2 - genital
When prescribing acyclovir (zovirax), it is important to warn patients about what adverse reaction?
Skin reaction
* burning
* stinging
What are the active ingredients in the OTC triple-antibiotic ointment (Neosporin)?
Bacitracin
Neomycin
Polymixin B
What is the mechanism of action of polymixin B?
disrupts cell membranes/alters permeability
