Week 9 Ophthalmic - Anti-glaucoma

Question 1

Glaucoma is an eye disorder characterized by _______

Answer 1

increased intraocular pressure

Question 2

Which medications are used to treat glaucoma?

Answer 2

Timolol (beta-blocker), Latanoprost (prostaglandin analog)

Question 3

How does Timolol help in the treatment of glaucoma? (MOA)

Answer 3

Decreases the production of aqueous humor (interferes with cAMP)
* this reduces intra-ocular pressure

Question 4

What are the contraindications for use of Timolol?

Answer 4

• Hx of respiratory disorders (asthma, COPD)
• Bradycardia/AV block
• Pregnancy/Breast feeding
• Cautious use in DM

d/t likelihood for systemic absorption

Question 5

Timolol should not be used with __________ due to the possibility of additive effects

Answer 5

systemic beta-blockers

Question 6

What is the MOA of latanoprost?

Answer 6

agonist of prostaglandin receptors in the eye
* decreases drainage resistance for aqueous humor
* improved drainage = lower IOP

Question 7

Patients should be instructed to _______ prior to administering latanoprost

Answer 7

remove contant lenses

the contacts may absorb the medication

Question 8

Latanoprost may cause ________ of the iris which can be permanent

Answer 8

brown discoloration

Question 9

Latanoprost can cause the formation of precipitates when co-administered with ___________

Answer 9

Thimerosal - a common ingredient in other ophthalmic drugs

Question 10

Latanoprost shows some systemic absorption and should be avoided in what patient population:

Answer 10

Pregnant or breast-feeding

Question 11

What are the common ADR with all antiglaucoma agents

Answer 11

• transient discomfort
• blurred vision
• photophobia

Question 12

In addition to it’s effects on the iris, latanoprost may cause __________

Answer 12

• foreign body sensation
• Keratopathy (corneal disease)