Week 12 - Gout Medications Flashcards
Gout is caused by an excess of __________ depositing in joints
uric acid
All of the antigout medications require _______ monitoring
serum uric acid level
Which antigout medication is classified as a urocosuric?
Probenecid
What is the MOA of probenecid?
Increases rate of uric acid secretion by inhibiting tubular resorption
Probenecid is _______ (safe/not safe) for use during pregnancy
safe
Probenecid is most useful in treating _________ caused by ___________
- gout
- chronically reduced uric acid secretion
True or false:
Probenecid exhibits anti-inflammatory properties
false
What attribute of probenecid gives it risk for allergic reactions?
It is a sulfa drug
Kidney stones are a potential ADR of probenecid - how can this be combatted?
Decrease the pH of the urine
* Increase fluid intake, use medications that lower pH
urates tend to crystallize in acidic urine
Probenecid and Colchicine share common the ADR of _________ and are contraindicated in patients with _________
- GI upset (Nausea/vomitting/diarrhea/pain)
- Peptic Ulcers or other GI disorders
Probenecid inhibits the tubular secretion of what drugs
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
increases plasma levels - could be useful?
Allopurinol and Febuxostat belong to the ________ medication class and are used to treat _________
- Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
- Gout
How do the xanthine oxidase inhibitors treat gout?
Inhibit the enzyme xanthine oxidase that is responsible for the conversion of xanthine into uric acid
* decreased uric acid production
The xanthine oxidase inhibitors require ___________ or more before the full effects can be seen
one week
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are contraindicated in ________
- nursing mothers
- patients with renal or liver dysfunction
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors interact with drugs that require __________
xanthine oxidase for metabolism
Allopurinol has been safely used at escalating doses even in patients with a history of ______
chronic kidney disease
The xanthine oxidase inhibitors may initially cause _______
worsening gout attacks
subsides with time
What education should be provided to patients that develop a rash while using allopurinol?
Stop the drug immediately - skin reactions may be severe or fatal
Colchicine is a medication used for acute ______
gout attacks
What is the mechanism of action of Colchicine?
Decreases inflammatory response to deposited uric acid crystals
Although colchicine has very few drug interactions, its use is often limited by ________
side effect severity
What are the ADRs associated with colchicine?
- GI upset
- Myopathy, neuropathy
- decreased absorption of B12
Colchicine is contraindicated for use in _________ due to risk of ___________
pregnancy
fetal
