week 9 sem 2 Flashcards
Diameters of the thorax
All dimensions of the thoracic cage
increase with each inspiration
(inward breath)
* Vertical diameter increased by
descent of the diaphragm
* Antero-posterior diameter
increased by movement of the
sternum and anterior parts of ribs
* Lateral diameter increased by
movement of the lateral parts of the
ribs
Movement of the ribs. pump handle, bucket handle
- Pump handle
- Upper ribs – 2-5
- Increases A-P diameter
- Movement axis along neck of rib
- Bucket handle
- Lower ribs – 8-10
- Increases lateral diameter
- Movement axis through costovertebral
and sternocostal joints
diaphragm is the prime mover for?
inspiration
Apertures of the Diaphragm
- abdominal aorta @T12
behind diaphragm, not afftected by diaphragm contractions
2.Oesophagus – @T10
* Through the muscle of the
diaphragm, Sealed closed by diaphragm contraction - Inferior vena cava – @T8
* Through the central tendon
* Opened by diaphragm contraction
intercosta muscles during breathing
Stiffen the space between the ribs,
role in breathing and in posture
- Accessory muscles of inspiration
muscles that help produce forced inspiration
eg muscles associated with the upper limb: serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes group, Serratus posterior superior
Expiratory muscles
Largely passive in awake humans
* Diaphragm contracts eccentrically for a short period at the commencement of expiration to slow expiratory rate
Forced expiration:
* Abdominal muscles
* Any other muscle that can pull the ribs
down- eg serratus posterior inferior,
quadratus lumborum