week 9 sem 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diameters of the thorax

A

All dimensions of the thoracic cage
increase with each inspiration
(inward breath)
* Vertical diameter increased by
descent of the diaphragm
* Antero-posterior diameter
increased by movement of the
sternum and anterior parts of ribs
* Lateral diameter increased by
movement of the lateral parts of the
ribs

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2
Q

Movement of the ribs. pump handle, bucket handle

A
  • Pump handle
  • Upper ribs – 2-5
  • Increases A-P diameter
  • Movement axis along neck of rib
  • Bucket handle
  • Lower ribs – 8-10
  • Increases lateral diameter
  • Movement axis through costovertebral
    and sternocostal joints
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3
Q

diaphragm is the prime mover for?

A

inspiration

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4
Q

Apertures of the Diaphragm

A
  1. abdominal aorta @T12
    behind diaphragm, not afftected by diaphragm contractions
    2.Oesophagus – @T10
    * Through the muscle of the
    diaphragm, Sealed closed by diaphragm contraction
  2. Inferior vena cava – @T8
    * Through the central tendon
    * Opened by diaphragm contraction
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5
Q

intercosta muscles during breathing

A

Stiffen the space between the ribs,
role in breathing and in posture

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6
Q
  • Accessory muscles of inspiration
A

muscles that help produce forced inspiration

eg muscles associated with the upper limb: serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes group, Serratus posterior superior

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7
Q

Expiratory muscles

A

Largely passive in awake humans
* Diaphragm contracts eccentrically for a short period at the commencement of expiration to slow expiratory rate
Forced expiration:
* Abdominal muscles
* Any other muscle that can pull the ribs
down- eg serratus posterior inferior,
quadratus lumborum

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