week 12 sem 2

Question 1

Cervical Plexus supplies

Answer 1

skin of lateral head,anterolateralneck and some shoulder
muscles of neck (longus capitus and colli, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, infrahyoids)
diaphragm (via the phrenic nerve, C345)

Question 2

Cervical Plexus is located

Answer 2

anterior to levator scapulae and scalenus medius
posterior to sternocleidomastoid
divided into superficial branches–for skin supply, and deep branches–for muscle innervation

Question 3

Two main branches from Subclavian artery for head and neck

Answer 3

Supplies upper limb
Two main branches important for head and neck
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral arteries

Question 4

Branches of the subclavian

Answer 4

-Vertebral artery
Supplies ~20% of the blood to the brain
Left and right sides unite to form basilarartery
Feeder artery into Circle of Willis
-Branch into:
Posterior inferior cerebral artery
-Posterior spinal artery
Anterior spinal artery

Question 5

Common carotid arteries

Answer 5

Located within the carotid sheath
Branches into internal and external carotid arteries

Question 6

Internal carotid artery

Answer 6

-Supplies ~80% of the blood to the brain
Feeder artery into Circle of Willis
- Carotid sinus
Baroreceptor
- Carotid body
Chemoreceptor
Between internal and external carotid arteries

Question 7

External carotid artery

Answer 7

Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
Posterior auricular artery
Occipital artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Facial artery
Lingual artery
Superior laryngeal artery
Superior thyroid artery

Question 8

Veins of the head and neck

Answer 8

Veins will follow a similar path to the arteries
Main venous return for the brain, head and neck is the:
internal jugular vein
external jugular vein
vertebral vein
Drain into the subclavian vein

Question 9

posterior intercostal arteries

Answer 9

run in the intercostal spaces (3 to 11)
supply the structures of the intercostal spaces

Question 10

anterior spinal artery

Answer 10

supplies anterior 2/3 of spinal cord and adjacent vertebral column structures

Question 11

posterior spinal arteries

Answer 11

supply posterior 1/3 of spinal cord and adjacent vertebral column structures

Question 12

Booster arteries

Answer 12

to provide adequate blood supply to lower cervical , thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord and vertebral column
enter the vertebral column through intervertebral canals and join the spinal arteries

Question 13

Venous supply of the column and cord

Answer 13

numerous (at least 6) longitudinal spinal veins drain into the internal vertebral venous plexus
internal vertebral venous plexus drains into intervertebral veins which pass through intervertebral canal
veins and plexi are valveless
direction of blood flow varies in response to changes in intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressure
can result in functional stasis—> deposition of secondary pelvic cancer cells in vertebral column
intervertebral veins drain into the vertebral, posterior intercostal and lumbar veins, and from there to the inferior or superior vena cava

Question 14

venous Blood supply of the column and cord

Answer 14

the thorax the local veins (posterior intercostal veins) drain into the azygous system
the right, the posterior intercostal veins drain directly into the azygous vein
the left, the posterior intercostal veins drain into
left brachiocephalic trunk
accessory hemiazygous vein
hemiazygous vein
The azygous vein drains into the superior vena cava