week 4 sem 2 functional anatomy of the hand Flashcards

1
Q

extensor retinacula

A

attaches- radius ulna, pisiform, triquetrum, ulnar collateral ligament
- septa run to the carpal bones and form separate tunnels for the extensor tendons

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2
Q

functions of retinaculas

A

prevent bowstringing
- provide attachments
- converts anterior concavity of carpal bones into carpal tunnels

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3
Q

palmar aponeurosis

A

triangluar shaped sheet of facia extending from flexor retinaculum to deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
- protect underlying vessels and nerves
- anchores skin
- aids grip

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4
Q

intertendinous connections

A

fibrous connections bw the bands of the extensor digiotrum muscles just proximal to the MCP joints
- prevent independent extension of any one finger, ensures hand opens as a unit when releasing grip

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5
Q

dorsal digital expansion

A

forms an apernourosis oveer the posterior surface of each finger
- receieves attachment from ED, lumbricals, interossei
- ensures simultaneous extension of digits

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6
Q

fibrous flexor sheaths

A

fibro-osseus tunnels for the flexor tendon in the digits
sheath= anterior & bone= posterior
acts as a pulley for the flexor tendon binding onto the bone and preventing bow stringing
- increases efficentcy and leverage

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6
Q

synovial sheaths

A

function= allow friction free gliding

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7
Q

grip at rest

A

palm hallow
fingers flexed
thumb slightly opposed and slightly flexed

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8
Q

grip during function

A

wrist in slight dorsiflexion
fingers at slight flexion at IP joints more flexion at MCP
thumb opposed and slightly flexed

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9
Q

functional advantages of grip

A
  • stable wrist position as ligaments taut
  • long finger flexors are stretched therefore all force contraction exerted at finger joints rather than in taking up slack
  • allows prehensile grip
  • reduces the occurence of contractures
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10
Q

digital sweep

A

describes the path taken by fingertips as the hand closes.

  • largest possible arc
  • allows grip of large objects
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11
Q

power grip

A

-large objects
- often considerable force req
- whole hand
- maximal skin contact
- joint position: thumb abducted and adducting (adductor pollicus)
- flexion at all joints of the fingers
- palm cupped
- wrist dorsiflexed

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12
Q

precision grip

A

small objects- sometimes fragile
- usually less force required
- lateral digits only
- limited contact but high sensory acuity
joint position:
- thumb opposed
- CMC- FPB, FPL,ADDPOL
- MCP- FPL, FPB
- IP - FPL
flexion at MCP of fingers
- MCP- FDS, FDP
PIP- FDS, FDP
DIP- FDP

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13
Q

ventral roots upper region consist of vertabrea

A

C5, C6

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14
Q

ventral roots middle region consist of vertabrea

A

C7

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15
Q

ventral roots lower region consist of vertabrea

A

C8, T1

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16
Q

divisions come after and they split into?

A

come after trunks
split into an anterior and posterior division

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17
Q

divisions reunit into?

18
Q

trunks ( spinal nerves) are superior to

A

the clavicle

19
Q

cords are superior to

A

the auxiallary artery

20
Q

anterior division nerve supplies muscles that are

A

flexors
adductors
medial rotators

21
Q

posterior division nerve supplies muscles that are

A

extensor
abductor
external rotator

22
Q

nerves coming from the root branches

A

dorsal scapular
long throasic

23
Q

nerves coming from the trunk branches

A

suprascapular
nerve to subclavius

24
rhomboids are inevated by
dorsal scapular nerve
25
the serratus anterior is inervated by the
long thoracic nerve
26
suprascapular nerve invervates which muscles
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
27
nerve to subclavius inntervates which muscle
subclavius
28
identifing muscleocutaneous
first branch, only goes to anterior arm
29
indentifing axillary nerve
it comes after musculocutaneous amd dives deep into the axilla
30
identifing the radial nerve
after the auxillary nerve and dives deep netween the heads of the triceps
31
identifing median nerve
formed by two nerves and runs down the middle of the anterior arm
32
identifing the ulnar nerve
most inferior. is only made up of one cord
33
axillary nerve RV, MD and SD
RV: C56 MD: deltoid teres minor SD: skin over deltoid and shoulder joint
34
radial nerve RV, MD, SD
RV: C5678 T1 MD: all UL extensors, brachioradialis, supinator, abdPL SD: skin of the posterior arm, forearm and hand (lateral 3 1/2 digits) wrist and elbow joints
35
musculocutaneous nerve RV, MD, SD
RV: C567 MD: coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis SD: skin of lateral forearm to base of thumb (via lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm), eblow joint
36
median nerve RV, MD, SD
RV: C5678 T1 MD: FCR, PL both pronators FDS, FDP (lat), FPL, AbdPB, FPB, OppPoll, lat 2 lumbricals SD: skin of the lateral 31⁄2 digits and corresponding palm, wrist and elbow jts
37
ulnar nerve RV, MD, SD
RV: C8,T1 MD: FCU, FDP (medial), PB, AbdDM, FDM, OppDM, med 2 lumbricals, AddPoll, all interossei SD: skin of the medial 11⁄2 digits and corresponding palm, wrist jt
38
lateral pectoral major innervates
pec major comes from lateral cord
39
Upper Subscapular innervates
Subscapularis
40
Thoracodorsal innervates
Latissimus Dorsi
41
Lower Subscapular
* lower Subscapularis & Teres Minor
42
Medial Pectoral nerve innervates
Pectoralis Minor & part of Major