week 4 sem 2 functional anatomy of the hand

Question 1

extensor retinacula

Answer 1

attaches- radius ulna, pisiform, triquetrum, ulnar collateral ligament
- septa run to the carpal bones and form separate tunnels for the extensor tendons

Question 2

functions of retinaculas

Answer 2

prevent bowstringing
- provide attachments
- converts anterior concavity of carpal bones into carpal tunnels

Question 3

palmar aponeurosis

Answer 3

triangluar shaped sheet of facia extending from flexor retinaculum to deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
- protect underlying vessels and nerves
- anchores skin
- aids grip

Question 4

intertendinous connections

Answer 4

fibrous connections bw the bands of the extensor digiotrum muscles just proximal to the MCP joints
- prevent independent extension of any one finger, ensures hand opens as a unit when releasing grip

Question 5

dorsal digital expansion

Answer 5

forms an apernourosis oveer the posterior surface of each finger
- receieves attachment from ED, lumbricals, interossei
- ensures simultaneous extension of digits

Question 6

fibrous flexor sheaths

Answer 6

fibro-osseus tunnels for the flexor tendon in the digits
sheath= anterior & bone= posterior
acts as a pulley for the flexor tendon binding onto the bone and preventing bow stringing
- increases efficentcy and leverage

Question 6

synovial sheaths

Answer 6

function= allow friction free gliding

Question 7

grip at rest

Answer 7

palm hallow
fingers flexed
thumb slightly opposed and slightly flexed

Question 8

grip during function

Answer 8

wrist in slight dorsiflexion
fingers at slight flexion at IP joints more flexion at MCP
thumb opposed and slightly flexed

Question 9

functional advantages of grip

Answer 9

• stable wrist position as ligaments taut
• long finger flexors are stretched therefore all force contraction exerted at finger joints rather than in taking up slack
• allows prehensile grip
• reduces the occurence of contractures

Question 10

digital sweep

Answer 10

describes the path taken by fingertips as the hand closes.

• largest possible arc
• allows grip of large objects

Question 11

power grip

Answer 11

-large objects
- often considerable force req
- whole hand
- maximal skin contact
- joint position: thumb abducted and adducting (adductor pollicus)
- flexion at all joints of the fingers
- palm cupped
- wrist dorsiflexed

Question 12

precision grip

Answer 12

small objects- sometimes fragile
- usually less force required
- lateral digits only
- limited contact but high sensory acuity
joint position:
- thumb opposed
- CMC- FPB, FPL,ADDPOL
- MCP- FPL, FPB
- IP - FPL
flexion at MCP of fingers
- MCP- FDS, FDP
PIP- FDS, FDP
DIP- FDP

Question 13

ventral roots upper region consist of vertabrea

Answer 13

C5, C6

Question 14

ventral roots middle region consist of vertabrea

Answer 14

C7

Question 15

ventral roots lower region consist of vertabrea

Answer 15

C8, T1

Question 16

divisions come after and they split into?

Answer 16

come after trunks
split into an anterior and posterior division

Question 17

divisions reunit into?

Answer 17

cords

Question 18

trunks ( spinal nerves) are superior to

Answer 18

the clavicle

Question 19

cords are superior to

Answer 19

the auxiallary artery

Question 20

anterior division nerve supplies muscles that are

Answer 20

flexors
adductors
medial rotators

Question 21

posterior division nerve supplies muscles that are

Answer 21

extensor
abductor
external rotator

Question 22

nerves coming from the root branches

Answer 22

dorsal scapular
long throasic

Question 23

nerves coming from the trunk branches

Answer 23

suprascapular
nerve to subclavius

Question 24

rhomboids are inevated by

Answer 24

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 25

the serratus anterior is inervated by the

Answer 25

long thoracic nerve

Question 26

suprascapular nerve invervates which muscles

Answer 26

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Question 27

nerve to subclavius inntervates which muscle

Answer 27

subclavius

Question 28

identifing muscleocutaneous

Answer 28

first branch, only goes to anterior arm

Question 29

indentifing axillary nerve

Answer 29

it comes after musculocutaneous amd dives deep into the axilla

Question 30

identifing the radial nerve

Answer 30

after the auxillary nerve and dives deep netween the heads of the triceps

Question 31

identifing median nerve

Answer 31

formed by two nerves and runs down the middle of the anterior arm

Question 32

identifing the ulnar nerve

Answer 32

most inferior. is only made up of one cord

Question 33

axillary nerve RV, MD and SD

Answer 33

RV: C56
MD: deltoid teres minor
SD: skin over deltoid and shoulder joint

Question 34

radial nerve RV, MD, SD

Answer 34

RV: C5678 T1
MD: all UL extensors, brachioradialis, supinator, abdPL
SD: skin of the posterior arm, forearm and hand (lateral 3 1/2 digits) wrist and elbow joints

Question 35

musculocutaneous nerve RV, MD, SD

Answer 35

RV: C567
MD: coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
SD: skin of lateral forearm to base of thumb (via lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm), eblow joint

Question 36

median nerve RV, MD, SD

Answer 36

RV: C5678 T1
MD: FCR, PL both pronators FDS, FDP (lat), FPL, AbdPB, FPB, OppPoll, lat 2 lumbricals
SD: skin of the lateral 31⁄2 digits and corresponding palm, wrist and elbow jts

Question 37

ulnar nerve RV, MD, SD

Answer 37

RV: C8,T1
MD: FCU, FDP (medial), PB, AbdDM, FDM, OppDM, med 2 lumbricals, AddPoll, all interossei
SD: skin of the medial 11⁄2 digits and corresponding palm, wrist jt

Question 38

lateral pectoral major innervates

Answer 38

pec major

comes from lateral cord

Question 39

Upper Subscapular innervates

Answer 39

Subscapularis

Question 40

Thoracodorsal innervates

Answer 40

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 41

Lower Subscapular

Answer 41

• lower Subscapularis & Teres Minor

Question 42

Medial Pectoral nerve innervates

Answer 42

Pectoralis Minor & part of Major