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anatomy > week 4 > Flashcards

week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Tibiofemoral joint- classification/ movements

A

classifications:
* Synovial
* Condyloid
* Biaxial

movement
Flexion 140o
* Extension 0-5o
* Internal/medial rotation 10-20degrees if flexed * External/lateral rotation 30-40 degrees if flexed

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2
Q

Tibiofemoral Articular Surfaces

A
  • Femoral condyles
  • Convex
  • Medial & lateral
  • Essentially flat
  • Separated by intercondylar area
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3
Q

Patellofemoral- Articular Surfaces/ Classification / movements

A

articular surface-
* Patella surface of femur
* Articular surface of patella

classifications-
* Synovial
* Plane
* Movements

movements-
* Gliding- bone on front glides along patellar

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4
Q

Patellofemoral- Articular Surfaces/ Classification / movements

A

Articular Surfaces-
* Patella surface of femur
* Articular surface of patella (facets)

Classification-
* Classification
* Synovial
* Plane

movements-
Gliding

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5
Q

knee joint capsule

A
  • Attaches to articular margins
  • Femoral condyles
  • Attaches to medial & lateral margins
  • Tibial condyles
  • Incomplete! And thin
  • Anteriorly
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6
Q

Knee Retinacula

A
  • Medial & lateral patellar retinaculum
    • From vastus medialis & vastus
      lateralis
    • Medial retinaculum blends with periosteum of tibia
  • Medial patellofemoral ligament (need to lean)
  • Adductor tubercle to vastus medialis onto superomedial patella
    Lateral retinaculum blends with iliotibial tract
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7
Q

Synovial Membrane of the knee

A
  • Lines the joint capsule
    • Extensive and complex
  • Anteriorly attaches to patella
  • Posteriorly closes off intercondylar
    fossa
    • Does not enclose the cruciate ligaments
      Communicates with some bursa
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8
Q

knee bursae

A
  • Some to be aware of:
    • Pes anserine
  • On medial tibia
    • Suprapatellar
  • Extends 6cm superior to patella
    • Infrapatellar
      Prepatellar
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9
Q

wheredoes the fibular collarteeral ligament attach and what does it limit and prevent

A
  • Fibular/Lateral collateral ligament
  • Attaches
    Lateral femoral epicondyle
    Lateral surface head of fibula
  • Limits
    Extension
    Lateral rotation
  • Prevents
    Adduction
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10
Q

Popliteofibular ligament (extra capsular ligament)

A
  • Attaches
  • Popliteus tendon
  • Apex of head of fibula
  • Limits
  • Lateral rotation of the tibia
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11
Q

Patella ligament (extra capsular)

A
  • From patella to tibial tuberosity
  • Continuation of quadriceps tendon
  • Receives the patellar retinacula
  • Function
  • Mechanical advantage in knee
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12
Q

Tibial/Medial collateral ligament (extra capsular)

A
  • Attaches to Medial femoral epicondyle, Medial tibial condyle & shaft and Medial meniscus
  • Limits- Extension, Medial rotation
  • Prevents- Abduction extension
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13
Q

Oblique Popliteal (extra capsular)

A
  • Strengthens central posterior joint
    capsule
    Is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus
  • Travels superolaterally to femur
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14
Q

Arcuate Popliteal (extra capsular)

A

Strengthens inferolateral posterior joint capsule
Is an expansion of the tendon of biceps femoris attachment
Travels superomedially over popliteus

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15
Q

Anterolateral ligament (extra capsular)

A
  • Attaches
  • lateral femoral condyle
  • midway between anterolateral tubercle (Gerdy’s tubercle) & head of fibula
  • Some sources consider it part of the ITB
    stabiliser for rotation of the tibia?
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16
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ACL (Intracapsular)

A
  • Attaches
  • anterior intercondylar area of tibia
  • posteromedial surface of lateral femoral condyle
  • Extra-synovial
  • Limits
  • anterior slide of tibia on femur
  • medial rotation
  • Memory tip - 3 anteriors on this slide
17
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament PCL (intracapsule)

A

Attaches
* posterior intercondylar area of tibia
* lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
* lateral meniscus
* Extra-synovial
* Limits
* posterior slide of tibia on femur
* medial rotation
* Memory tip - 3 posteriors on this slide

18
Q

Medial & Lateral Meniscus

A
  • Crescent shaped wedges of fibrocartilage, thicker at ‘edges’
  • Shock absorption
  • Increase congruence
  • Medial meniscus
  • Larger, C-shaped, less mobile as more attachments
  • Lateral meniscus
  • Smaller, almost circular
19
Q

STABILITY OF THE HIP

A
  1. Articular fit(reasonable congruency)
    1. Acetabular labrum (deepens the socket and increases congruency)
    2. Strong capsule, reinforced by capsular ligaments
    3. Angle of inclination (increases contact area)
      Muscles
20
Q

Factors contributing to MOBILITY at the hip joint

A
  1. Acetabular labrum – provides increased surface area for femoral head
  2. Ball and socket joint (multi-axial – three degrees of freedom)
21
Q

Important steps to analyze movements

A
  1. Name the movement at the hip joint
    1. List the muscles acting as movers in this activity
    2. List the muscles acting as stabilisers
    3. For each of the muscles above, list all other actions they produce
  2. List muscles acting as synergists
22
Q

stabilisers of the hip

A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Pectineus
  • Deep lateral rotators
  • Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
23
Q

satorius actions/ prox and distal attachment/ nerve supply

A

action: hip flexion /knee flexion

prox attachments: anterior superior iliac spine

distal attachment: medial surface of tibia/ medial collateral ligament of the knee

nerve supply: femoral nerve

24
Q

rectus femoris actions/ prox and distal attachment/ nerve supply

A

action: hip flexion/ knee extension

prox attachment: anterior inferior iliac spine/ superior to the acetabulum

distal attachment: tibia tuberosity via the patellar ligament

25
Q

vastus lataralis actions/ prox and distal attachment/ nerve supply

A

action: knee extension

prox attachment: intertrochanteric line/ lower greater trochanter/ upper half of the lateral lip of linea asparea

dist attchments: tibia tuberocity via patellar ligament/ condyle of tibia

26
Q

vastus medialis actions/ prox and distal attachment/ nerve supply

A

action: knee extension

prox attachment: lower medial part of intertrochanteric line/ medial aspect of the proximal femoral shaft/ medial lip of the line aspera/ upper 2/3 of medial supracondylar line

dist attachment: tibia tuberocity via tendon of rec fem and patellar ligament/ medial condyle of tibia

27
Q

vastus inermedialas

A

action: knee extension

prox attachment: upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral surface of the femur

distal attachment: tibial tuberocity via rec fem and patellar ligament

28
Q

bicep femoris actions/ prox and distal attachment/ nerve supply

A

action: hip extension

prox attachment: medial part of asocial tuberocity and sacrotuberous ligament/ upper part of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur

distal attachment: head of fibula

29
Q

semitendinous actions/ prox and distal attachment/ nerve supply

A

action: hip extension/ knee flexion

prox attachment: medial ischial tuberocity

distal attachment: medial surface of the upper part of the shaft of the tibia

30
Q

semimembranosus actions/ prox and distal attachment/ nerve supply

A

action: hip extension/ knee flexion

proximal attachment: lateral aspect of ischial tuberocity

distal attachment: posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle

31
Q
A

anatomy (23 decks)

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