week 11 Flashcards
bones of the skull
8 crainial bones
14 facial bones
Temporomandibular joint classification
- synovial, biaxial, condylar
Temporomandibular joint articular surfaces
- mandibular fossa of temporal bone
- condyle of mandible
Temporomandibular joint articular disc functions
- improve articular fit
- divides the cavity into an upper and a lower
compartment - different movements in each compartment –
roll in the lower compartment, slide in the
upper compartment - provide attachment site for lateral pterygoid
lateral ligament of Temporomandibular joint
- from zygomatic bone,
passes down and back to
neck of mandible - limits retraction and
depression
stylomandibular ligament
- from styloid process of the
temporal bone, passes down and
forward to angle of mandible - limits protraction and depression
sphenomandibular ligament
- from sphenoid bone, passes down and forward to medial surface of the ramus of the mandible
- limits depression and protraction
Muscles of mastication
- masseter
- temporalis
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
Muscles of Facial Expression
- Attach into the skin of the face
- Open or close the apertures of the
face (mouth, nostrils, eyes) create facial expressions
Hyoid bone
- Framework to suspend the larynx (voice box)
- Not attached to any other part of the skeletal system, therefore very mobile
- Located opposite C3
- Positioned by musculature above (suprahyoid) and below (infrahyoid)
Suprahyoid muscles
- Connect the hyoid to the skull
- Action – elevate the hyoid (and
therefore the larynx) - Digastric:
- anterior belly
- posterior belly
- Stylohyoid
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
- Connect the hyoid to the larynx and
the sternum - action- depress the hyoid
- Sternohyoid
- Omohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Thyrohyoid
roman number and function of crainal nerve- olfactory
smell
I
roman number and function of crainal nerve- optic
II
vision
roman number and function of crainal nerve- oculmotor
III
movement of eyeball
roman number and function of crainal nerve- trachlear
IV
movement of eyeball
roman number and function of crainal nerve- trigeminal
V
muscles of mastication, skin of face
roman number and function of crainal nerve- abducens
VI
movement of eyeball
roman number and function of crainal nerve- facial
VII
muscles of facial expression
roman number and function of crainal nerve- vestibulocochlear
VIII
hearing and balance
roman number and function of crainal nerve- glosspharyngeal
IX
sensations from pharynx
roman number and function of crainal nerve- vagus
X
muscles of pharynx and larynx
roman number and function of crainal nerve- accessory
XI
joins vagus
roman number and function of crainal nerve- hypoglossal
XII
muscles of tongue
pharrynx
is a fibromuscular tube extdending from the base of the skull to inferior part of larynx (C6)
shared bw respirtory and digestive systems, it has connections to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, larnyx
pharynx- regions and boundries
nasopharynx(post to nose)
choanae
tip of soft palate
oropharynx
tip of soft palate
tip of epiglottis
laryngopharynx
tip of epiglottis
inferior edge larynx to oesophagus
external layer of the pharynx
constrictor
circular orientation
3 overlapping bands
superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor
internal layer of the pharynx
elevators
vertical orientation
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
constrictors
involunary contraction
function in a sequance
superior to inferior
push bolus into oesphagus
innervated by the vagus nerve
elevators
lift regions of pharynx
salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus are innervatedd by vagus nerve
stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
deglutition
process of swallowing
involved the passing of food/ liquid from the mouth to the pharynx then to the oesophagus
two stages= 1st food from mouth to pharynx is voluntary
2nd bolus through pharynx to oesphagus involuntary
larynx
is an air passage, a sphincter and an organ of phonation (speech production)
larynx functions
protect the lower airways
prevent entry of foreign objects
provide a mechanism to clear the lower airways eg cough
laryx components
single cartliages:
epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
false vocal cords
no role in phonation
protective function
superior to true vocal cords
vocal folds
moved by laryngeal muscles
- quiet inspiration= open
- forced inspiration= open wider
- swallowing= completely closed
- phonation= folds adducted/ close to touching
nerve supply of larynx=
motor and sensory is vagus nerve
