week 11

Question 1

What are the pelvic organs

Answer 1

• Lower urinary tract organs:
  bladder, urethra
• Reproductive organs: female- uterus, vagina, male - prostate
• Lower GIT organs: rectum, anal canal

Question 2

Anterior compartment of pelvic organs

Answer 2

Bladder, urethra

Question 2

middle compartment of pelvic organs

Answer 2

Uterus, vagina/ prostate

Question 3

posterior compartment of pelvic organs

Answer 3

Rectum, anal canal

Question 4

Functions of the pelvic floor

Answer 4

• Helps support the pelvic ( & abdominal ) viscera
• Contributes to increases in intra-abdominal pressure and then helps to maintain intra-abdominal pressure
• Act as sphincters for the passageways through the pelvis- urethra, vagina, anus
• Assist in childbirth- form a ‘gutter’ for the head of the foetus

Question 5

Pelvic floor muscles

Answer 5

• Levator ani
• Iliococcygeus
• Pubococcygeus
• Puborectalis
• Coccygeus

Question 6

• Pubocervical fascia:

Answer 6

between bladder/urethra & vagina

Question 7

Rectovaginal or Rectovesical/Rectoprostatic fascia:

Answer 7

• between rectum & either vagina (female) or bladder plus prostate (male)

Question 8

Uterosacral ligaments function

Answer 8

suspends & supports the uterus and cervix in position

Question 9

The Perineum made up of

Answer 9

Urogenital and anal triangles
* Skeletal muscle and fascia
* Perineal body

Question 10

Urogenital triangle:

Answer 10

• Ischiocavernosus
• Bulbospongiosus
• Superficial transverse perineal
• Deep transverse perineal

Question 11

anal triangle:

Answer 11

External anal sphincter

Question 12

functions of perineal muscles

Answer 12

• Provide added closure to vagina & anus
• Support & fix the perineal body
• Maintain erection of penis/ clitoris

Question 13

The Perineal Body

Answer 13

• Irregular fibromuscular mass
• Located in the midline between the anus and the vagina/ bulb of the penis
• Site of convergence for both muscle and fascia which form the pelvic floor

Question 14

Nerve supply to pelvic floor

Answer 14

Nerve to Levator ani – with slight input from the Pudendal nerve

Question 15

Nerve supply to pelvic perineum muscles

Answer 15

Pudendal nerve – with slight input from the Nerve to Levator ani

Question 16

arteries have branches or tributaries

Answer 16

branches

Question 17

veins have branches or tributaries

Answer 17

veins have tributaries

Question 18

Aortic Arch Branches

Answer 18

• Arch of the aorta
• Descending aorta (thoracic aorta then abdominal aorta)

then divides into iliac arteries

Question 19

Veins of the Lower Limb

Answer 19

deep and superficial veins

Question 20

deep veins

Answer 20

run with arteries but in opposite direction
same name as arteries
* e.g. popliteal veins with popliteal artery
contain valves
drain what the artery supplies vena commitantes

Question 21

superficial veins

Answer 21

• in the superficial tissue
• valves (not as many as deep veins)
• anastomose (communicate) freely with the deep veins
• best identified in the surface anatomy

Question 22

• Significance of having two sets of veins:

Answer 22

• two ways to return blood to the heart, some in-built redundancy
• temperature control

Question 23

Superficial Veins of Lower Limb

Answer 23

• Dorsal venous arch
• Lesser/short saphenous vein
• Great/long saphenous vein
  Drain fascia, skin

Question 24

Tributaries of Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 24

• Femoral vein
• External Iliac vein
• Common Iliac vein
• Inferior Vena Cava
• blood returned to right side of heart

Question 25

• Superficial lymph vessels

Answer 25

• Follow long/great saphenous vein
• Follow short/lesser saphenous vein
• Have more lymph nodes than deep

Question 26

• Deep lymph vessels

Answer 26

• Follow paired arteries/veins

Question 27

lymph system functions

Answer 27

Responsible for transporting various substances;
transports protein and fluids back to the bloodstream.
responsible for the development of lymphocytes,

Question 28

Take a pulse where:

Answer 28

the artery is most superficial
* the artery can be compressed against a bone

Question 29

What is a branch?

Answer 29

When an artery divides into two or more smaller arteries

Question 30

What is a tributary?

Answer 30

When two or more smaller veins join together to form a larger vein.

Question 31

What is a drain?

Answer 31

A drain is another term for join, so two or more smaller veins can join together or drain into a larger vein.