week 11 Flashcards
What are the pelvic organs
- Lower urinary tract organs:
bladder, urethra - Reproductive organs: female- uterus, vagina, male - prostate
- Lower GIT organs: rectum, anal canal
Anterior compartment of pelvic organs
Bladder, urethra
middle compartment of pelvic organs
Uterus, vagina/ prostate
posterior compartment of pelvic organs
Rectum, anal canal
Functions of the pelvic floor
- Helps support the pelvic ( & abdominal ) viscera
- Contributes to increases in intra-abdominal pressure and then helps to maintain intra-abdominal pressure
- Act as sphincters for the passageways through the pelvis- urethra, vagina, anus
- Assist in childbirth- form a ‘gutter’ for the head of the foetus
Pelvic floor muscles
- Levator ani
- Iliococcygeus
- Pubococcygeus
- Puborectalis
- Coccygeus
- Pubocervical fascia:
between bladder/urethra & vagina
Rectovaginal or Rectovesical/Rectoprostatic fascia:
- between rectum & either vagina (female) or bladder plus prostate (male)
Uterosacral ligaments function
suspends & supports the uterus and cervix in position
The Perineum made up of
Urogenital and anal triangles
* Skeletal muscle and fascia
* Perineal body
Urogenital triangle:
- Ischiocavernosus
- Bulbospongiosus
- Superficial transverse perineal
- Deep transverse perineal
anal triangle:
External anal sphincter
functions of perineal muscles
- Provide added closure to vagina & anus
- Support & fix the perineal body
- Maintain erection of penis/ clitoris
The Perineal Body
- Irregular fibromuscular mass
- Located in the midline between the anus and the vagina/ bulb of the penis
- Site of convergence for both muscle and fascia which form the pelvic floor
Nerve supply to pelvic floor
Nerve to Levator ani – with slight input from the Pudendal nerve
Nerve supply to pelvic perineum muscles
Pudendal nerve – with slight input from the Nerve to Levator ani
arteries have branches or tributaries
branches
veins have branches or tributaries
veins have tributaries
Aortic Arch Branches
- Arch of the aorta
- Descending aorta (thoracic aorta then abdominal aorta)
then divides into iliac arteries
Veins of the Lower Limb
deep and superficial veins
deep veins
run with arteries but in opposite direction
same name as arteries
* e.g. popliteal veins with popliteal artery
contain valves
drain what the artery supplies vena commitantes
superficial veins
- in the superficial tissue
- valves (not as many as deep veins)
- anastomose (communicate) freely with the deep veins
- best identified in the surface anatomy
- Significance of having two sets of veins:
- two ways to return blood to the heart, some in-built redundancy
- temperature control
Superficial Veins of Lower Limb
- Dorsal venous arch
- Lesser/short saphenous vein
- Great/long saphenous vein
Drain fascia, skin
Tributaries of Inferior Vena Cava
- Femoral vein
- External Iliac vein
- Common Iliac vein
- Inferior Vena Cava
- blood returned to right side of heart
- Superficial lymph vessels
- Follow long/great saphenous vein
- Follow short/lesser saphenous vein
- Have more lymph nodes than deep
- Deep lymph vessels
- Follow paired arteries/veins
lymph system functions
Responsible for transporting various substances;
transports protein and fluids back to the bloodstream.
responsible for the development of lymphocytes,
Take a pulse where:
the artery is most superficial
* the artery can be compressed against a bone
What is a branch?
When an artery divides into two or more smaller arteries
What is a tributary?
When two or more smaller veins join together to form a larger vein.
What is a drain?
A drain is another term for join, so two or more smaller veins can join together or drain into a larger vein.
