week 1 & 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Bursae
A
what: fluid filled sac around many synovial joints
function: reduce friction
where: bw layers of muscle where muscle and tendon overlie bony primeness
2
Q
closed back position
A
most stable position of the body w the least required effort
position: joint surfaces+ maximally congruent/ligament+ maximally taut
3
Q
extra capsular
A
away from capsular
4
Q
capsular
A
reinforces capsule
5
Q
intra capsule
A
deep to capsule
6
Q
function of ligaments
A
increase stability // reduce undirseable movement
7
Q
joint axes and their movement
A
anteoposterior- lateral flexion (along coronal plane)
longtitude- rotation (along transeverse plane)
horizontal- flexion & extension (sagital plane)
8
Q
what are the synovial joints
A
hinge
pivot
ellipsoid
condyloid
saddle
ball and socket
plane
9
Q
what are the degrees of freedom
A
uniaxes- 1 pair of movement
biaxes- 2 pair of movement
multi axes- 3 pair of movement
10
Q
synovial joints
A
bones lines with cartilage and have a joint cavity // amt of movement depends on shape of joint
11
Q
cartiligionous & what types
A
cartilage tissue joins bones
primary cartiligionous/ synchondrosis
secondary cartiligionous/ symphysis
12
Q
fibrous joint & what types
A
fibrous tissue joins the bone
suture
syndesmosis
13
Q
what is a joint
A
a union bw 2 or more bones
14
Q
skull
A
cranial
15
Q
face
A
facial
16
Q
forehead
A
frontal
17
Q
temple
A
temporal
18
Q
eye
A
orbital
19
Q
ear
A
otic
20
Q
nose
A
nasal
20
Q
cheek
A
buccal
21
Q
mouth
A
oral
22
Q
chin
A
mental
23
Q
hand
A
manual
23
base os skull
occipital
24
thumb
pollex
25
armpit
axillary
26
arm
brachial
27
front of elbow
antecubital
28
palm
palmar
29
wrist
carpal
30
fingers
digital
30
back of elbow
cubital
31
back of hand
dorsum
32
thigh
femur
32
pubis
pubic
33
knee
patellar
34
foot
pedal
35
ankle
tarsals
36
toes
digital
37
top of foot
dorsum
38
big toe
hallux
39
bw hips
sacral
40
tailbone
coccygeal
41
butt
gluteal
42
region bw anus and extrenal ganitals
perineal
43
calf
crual
44
chest
thoracic
45
breast bone
sternal
46
breast
mammary
47
abs
abdominal
48
navel
umbilical
49
hip
coxal
50
pelvis
pelvic
51
groin
inguinal
52
shoulder blade
scapula
53
shoulder
acromial
54
spinal coloumn
vertabral
55
back
dorsal
56
loin
lumbar
57
neck
cervical
58
possible movement- horizontal
flexion & extension
59
possible movement- anteroposterior
lateral flexion
60
possible movement- longtitudal
rotational
61
ligaments
bands of fibrous tissue that occurs at a joint
62
ligament functions
acts as a mechanical constraint
prevent undesired movement
permits limited amount of desired movement
sensort propriception
63
secondary cartiligionous/ symphysis
- a disc of fibrocartilage binds 2 bones together
- found in the midline of the body
- slightly mobile
64
primary cartiligionous/ synchondrosis
-found in epiphyseal plates
- where bone growth occurs
- eventually completely ossifies
- first sternocostal joint
- very immobile
65
syndesmosis
-forearm & leg
- bones are linked by longer bands of connective tissue
- very slightly mobile
66
suture
-only found in the skull
-bones are linked by short fibres of connective tissue
- little to no movement
67
articulation (smoother surface)
condyle
head
facet
68
facet
small flat smooth area usually for articulation
69
fovea
small pit
70
fossa
alarge relatively flat surface of a bone usually for protection of organs
71
groove
shallow furrow
72
sulcus
deeper furrow
73
foremen
hole t6hrough a bone
74
meatus
canal in a bone eg ear
75
canal
a depression
76
fissure
slit through a bone
77
sinus
cavity within a bone
78
illiopectineal bursa / ilioposoas bursa
lies between tendon of iliposoas & fibrous capsule of the hip
79
greater trochanteric bursa
sits bw greater trochanter illiotibial band
80
ligament teres (intra capsular)
from transverse ligament to fovea capritis
81
transverse ligament (intracapsular)
completes the acetabulum inferiorly covers acetabulum notch
82
ischiofemoral (capsule)
located posteriorly
function: limits extension abduction internal rotation
83
pubofemoral (capsular)
located inferiorly & anteriorly
function: limit abduction, extension external rotation
84
where is the illiofemoral ligament & its function
located anteriorly, triangular in shape/ 'y-shape' sometimes covered by iliopsoas
i) inferior band limits: extension & external rotation
ii) superior band: extension & external rotation & adduction
85
factors that increase stability
articular fit
acetabulum labrum
strong capsule
function of muscle- way it pulls
bony factors:
-angle of insulation
-angulation of head w shaft
- reflects an adaptation of bipedalism
86
acetabular labrum
function: deepen socket &:. increase stability
fibrocartilage wedge attached to rim of acetabulum
87
acetabulum
illium (2/5)
ischium (2/5)
pubis (1/5)
88
femoral head
covered with articular cartilage except for a small area on head (fovea capris)
89
slide
one surface slides across the other
contact with new parts of ONE surface w SAME parts of the other
90
spin
one surface spins relative to the other surface around a fixed centralised axis
91
roll
one surface rolls across the other
contact of new parts os BOTH surfaces
92
passive accessory
movement cannot be produced actively
93
passive physiology
the movement could be produced actively but is produced by an external force
94
active movement
produced by muscular contractions
95
articular disc
fibrocartilage pads bw articular surfaces of synovial jointed
function: absorb shock
-permit different movements to occur in the joint
- aid mechanical fit bw articular surfaces
- restrain movement
- assist in lubracation
96
what are the tissue categories
muscle, nervous, connective, epiphilial
97
Trabeculae
bone cancellous/ high compressive stress
98
Osteon
Bone compact/ high torsion stress
99
Axial
in the middle part of the body
100
Appendicular
limbs
101
acicular suface
smooth area that joins 2 bones together allowing for articulation
102
seasomoid
bone found in a tendon
103
Concave
depression
104
convex
projection
105
flection is what type of movement
Flexion is an anteriorly directed movement decreases the angle between bones. EXCEPT in the hip
106
surcumduction
circle like movement- flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
107
what is the knee synovial joint
condyloid joint w biaxes moment
108
flexion
angle decreases
109
extension
angle increases
110
abduction
away from the midline
111
adduction
towards the midline
112
body planes and movement axis run _____?
perpendicular movement
113
flexion and extension is what type of axis
horizontal
114
adduction & abduction is what type of axis
anteroposterior
115
rotation is what type of axis
longitude
