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anatomy > week 1 & 2 > Flashcards

week 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bursae

A

what: fluid filled sac around many synovial joints
function: reduce friction
where: bw layers of muscle where muscle and tendon overlie bony primeness

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2
Q

closed back position

A

most stable position of the body w the least required effort

position: joint surfaces+ maximally congruent/ligament+ maximally taut

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3
Q

extra capsular

A

away from capsular

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4
Q

capsular

A

reinforces capsule

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5
Q

intra capsule

A

deep to capsule

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6
Q

function of ligaments

A

increase stability // reduce undirseable movement

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7
Q

joint axes and their movement

A

anteoposterior- lateral flexion (along coronal plane)

longtitude- rotation (along transeverse plane)

horizontal- flexion & extension (sagital plane)

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8
Q

what are the synovial joints

A

hinge
pivot
ellipsoid
condyloid
saddle
ball and socket
plane

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9
Q

what are the degrees of freedom

A

uniaxes- 1 pair of movement
biaxes- 2 pair of movement
multi axes- 3 pair of movement

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10
Q

synovial joints

A

bones lines with cartilage and have a joint cavity // amt of movement depends on shape of joint

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11
Q

cartiligionous & what types

A

cartilage tissue joins bones

primary cartiligionous/ synchondrosis
secondary cartiligionous/ symphysis

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12
Q

fibrous joint & what types

A

fibrous tissue joins the bone

suture
syndesmosis

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13
Q

what is a joint

A

a union bw 2 or more bones

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14
Q

skull

A

cranial

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15
Q

face

A

facial

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16
Q

forehead

A

frontal

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17
Q

temple

A

temporal

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18
Q

eye

A

orbital

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19
Q

ear

A

otic

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20
Q

nose

A

nasal

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20
Q

cheek

A

buccal

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21
Q

mouth

A

oral

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22
Q

chin

A

mental

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23
Q

hand

A

manual

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23
Q

base os skull

A

occipital

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24
Q

thumb

A

pollex

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25
Q

armpit

A

axillary

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26
Q

arm

A

brachial

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27
Q

front of elbow

A

antecubital

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28
Q

palm

A

palmar

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29
Q

wrist

A

carpal

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30
Q

fingers

A

digital

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30
Q

back of elbow

A

cubital

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31
Q

back of hand

A

dorsum

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32
Q

thigh

A

femur

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32
Q

pubis

A

pubic

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33
Q

knee

A

patellar

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34
Q

foot

A

pedal

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35
Q

ankle

A

tarsals

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36
Q

toes

A

digital

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37
Q

top of foot

A

dorsum

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38
Q

big toe

A

hallux

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39
Q

bw hips

A

sacral

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40
Q

tailbone

A

coccygeal

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41
Q

butt

A

gluteal

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42
Q

region bw anus and extrenal ganitals

A

perineal

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43
Q

calf

A

crual

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44
Q

chest

45
Q

breast bone

46
Q

breast

47
Q

abs

48
Q

navel

49
Q

hip

50
Q

pelvis

51
Q

groin

52
Q

shoulder blade

53
Q

shoulder

54
Q

spinal coloumn

55
Q

back

56
Q

loin

57
Q

neck

58
Q

possible movement- horizontal

A

flexion & extension

59
Q

possible movement- anteroposterior

A

lateral flexion

60
Q

possible movement- longtitudal

A

rotational

61
Q

ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that occurs at a joint

62
Q

ligament functions

A

acts as a mechanical constraint
prevent undesired movement
permits limited amount of desired movement
sensort propriception

63
Q

secondary cartiligionous/ symphysis

A
  • a disc of fibrocartilage binds 2 bones together
  • found in the midline of the body
  • slightly mobile
64
Q

primary cartiligionous/ synchondrosis

A

-found in epiphyseal plates
- where bone growth occurs
- eventually completely ossifies
- first sternocostal joint
- very immobile

65
Q

syndesmosis

A

-forearm & leg
- bones are linked by longer bands of connective tissue
- very slightly mobile

66
Q

suture

A

-only found in the skull
-bones are linked by short fibres of connective tissue
- little to no movement

67
Q

articulation (smoother surface)

A

condyle
head
facet

68
Q

facet

A

small flat smooth area usually for articulation

69
Q

fovea

70
Q

fossa

A

alarge relatively flat surface of a bone usually for protection of organs

71
Q

groove

A

shallow furrow

72
Q

sulcus

A

deeper furrow

73
Q

foremen

A

hole t6hrough a bone

74
Q

meatus

A

canal in a bone eg ear

75
Q

canal

A

a depression

76
Q

fissure

A

slit through a bone

77
Q

sinus

A

cavity within a bone

78
Q

illiopectineal bursa / ilioposoas bursa

A

lies between tendon of iliposoas & fibrous capsule of the hip

79
Q

greater trochanteric bursa

A

sits bw greater trochanter illiotibial band

80
Q

ligament teres (intra capsular)

A

from transverse ligament to fovea capritis

81
Q

transverse ligament (intracapsular)

A

completes the acetabulum inferiorly covers acetabulum notch

82
Q

ischiofemoral (capsule)

A

located posteriorly
function: limits extension abduction internal rotation

83
Q

pubofemoral (capsular)

A

located inferiorly & anteriorly
function: limit abduction, extension external rotation

84
Q

where is the illiofemoral ligament & its function

A

located anteriorly, triangular in shape/ ‘y-shape’ sometimes covered by iliopsoas
i) inferior band limits: extension & external rotation
ii) superior band: extension & external rotation & adduction

85
Q

factors that increase stability

A

articular fit
acetabulum labrum
strong capsule
function of muscle- way it pulls
bony factors:
-angle of insulation
-angulation of head w shaft
- reflects an adaptation of bipedalism

86
Q

acetabular labrum

A

function: deepen socket &:. increase stability
fibrocartilage wedge attached to rim of acetabulum

87
Q

acetabulum

A

illium (2/5)
ischium (2/5)
pubis (1/5)

88
Q

femoral head

A

covered with articular cartilage except for a small area on head (fovea capris)

89
Q

slide

A

one surface slides across the other

contact with new parts of ONE surface w SAME parts of the other

90
Q

spin

A

one surface spins relative to the other surface around a fixed centralised axis

91
Q

roll

A

one surface rolls across the other

contact of new parts os BOTH surfaces

92
Q

passive accessory

A

movement cannot be produced actively

93
Q

passive physiology

A

the movement could be produced actively but is produced by an external force

94
Q

active movement

A

produced by muscular contractions

95
Q

articular disc

A

fibrocartilage pads bw articular surfaces of synovial jointed

function: absorb shock
-permit different movements to occur in the joint
- aid mechanical fit bw articular surfaces
- restrain movement
- assist in lubracation

96
Q

what are the tissue categories

A

muscle, nervous, connective, epiphilial

97
Q

Trabeculae

A

bone cancellous/ high compressive stress

98
Q

Osteon

A

Bone compact/ high torsion stress

99
Q

Axial

A

in the middle part of the body

100
Q

Appendicular

101
Q

acicular suface

A

smooth area that joins 2 bones together allowing for articulation

102
Q

seasomoid

A

bone found in a tendon

103
Q

Concave

A

depression

104
Q

convex

A

projection

105
Q

flection is what type of movement

A

Flexion is an anteriorly directed movement decreases the angle between bones. EXCEPT in the hip

106
Q

surcumduction

A

circle like movement- flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

107
Q

what is the knee synovial joint

A

condyloid joint w biaxes moment

108
Q

flexion

A

angle decreases

109
Q

extension

A

angle increases

110
Q

abduction

A

away from the midline

111
Q

adduction

A

towards the midline

112
Q

body planes and movement axis run _____?

A

perpendicular movement

113
Q

flexion and extension is what type of axis

A

horizontal

114
Q

adduction & abduction is what type of axis

A

anteroposterior

115
Q

rotation is what type of axis

anatomy (24 decks)

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