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anatomy > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Vertebral Column

A

support upper body weight
protect spinal cord andnerves
allow trunk movement

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2
Q

Regions of vertebral column

A

Cervical-7 vertebrae
Thoracic-12 vertebrae
Lumbar-5 vertebrae
Sacral-5 fused vertebrae
Coccygeal-4 fused vertebrae

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3
Q

Regions/Bones of the vertebral column

A

Vertebral body
weight bearing
movement

Vertebral arch
protection
movement

Vertebral foramen/canal
passageway

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4
Q

Site of exit of the spinal nerves

A

Bounded by:
IV disc in front
bone of the pedicle above and below
Z joints behind

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5
Q

joints of the vertebral column

A

interbody joint- the intervertebral disc
- modified fibrocartilage joint
components:
cartilage end plate
annulus fibrosis
nucleus pulposus

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6
Q

structure of the IV disc

A

annulus fibrosis
- altering layers of dense regular connective tissue

nuscclus pulposus
- toothpaste like consistency

  • end plate
    cartilage disc
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7
Q

Cartilage end plate functions

A

transmits weight to adjacent vertebral body
confines nucleuspulposusand annulus fibrosis
role in securing nutrition for disc

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8
Q

annulus fibrosis functions

A

retain the nucleuspulposus
allow and limit movement

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9
Q

Nucleuspulposus functions

A

shock absorber–rapidly applied loads are temporarily diverted into bracing the annulusfibrosis
force distributor

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10
Q

Interbody joints characteristics

A

thickest in lumbar region
thinnest in upper thoracic region

-Avascular
Only supplied with nerves at their periphery
Contribute 25% of length of vertebral column

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11
Q

Lumbar

A

annulus fibrosis consists of alternatinglayers oriented 65º-70º to vertical
thicker anteriorly

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12
Q

Cervical

A

nucleuspulposusvery small and hasdisappeared by early adult life
annulus fibrosis develops horizontalfissures beginning in adolescence

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13
Q

Interbody joints functions

A

determine movement
contribute to normal vertebral curvature

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14
Q

Normal curvature of vertebral column

A

Functions to increase the shock absorbingfunction of the vertebral column
Thoracic/sacral regions =kyphotic(primary/structural) curve
Cervical/lumbar regions =lordotic(secondary/functional) curve

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15
Q

Z joint classification

A

synovial,multiaxial, plane

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16
Q

z joint articular suface

A

superior and inferiorarticularfacets

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17
Q

z joint articular capsule

A

loose but reinforced by:
ligamentum flavum
multifidus

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18
Q

z joint functions

A

to determine the direction of vertebral column movement
to determine the range of vertebral column movement
to bear weight (67% in cervical region, 15% in lumbar region)

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19
Q

cervical Vertebral column movements

A

Cervical region (C 3-7)
superiorarticularfacets tipped forward from the coronal plane
conjunct rotation-ipsilateralcoupling with lateral flexion
large range of flexion/extension -> intervertebral disc degeneration (fissuresin annulus fibrosis)

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19
Q

Vertebral column movements

A

Determined by “articulartriad”
interbodyjoint andzygapophysealjoints of eachvertebral level (segment)
flexion/extension
right and left lateral flexion
right and left rotation
Segmental range of movement small but total range large

20
Q

Thoracic region Vertebral column movements

A

Thoracic region
superiorarticularfacets close to the coronal plane
equal range movements in all directions
all movements limited in range due to ribs

21
Q

Lumbar region Vertebral column movements

A

“J-shaped” superiorarticularfacets in upper lumbar region (coronal andsagittalsections)
very, very limited rotation-sagittalportion
protection for intervertebral disc-coronal portion

22
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

extends from C1 to sacrum attaching to anteriorsurfaces of vertebral bodies and discs
broad, strong
uter fibres span 3-4 segments, inner fibres span1 segment

limits extension

23
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

extends from C2 to sacrum attaching toposterior surfaces of margins of vertebralbodies and discs
separated from vertebral bodies by venousplexus
weak and narrow in lumbar area

limits flexion

24
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

contains a significant amount of elastic tissue
connectslaminaeof adjacent vertebrae
passes from the posterior surface of the lamina of onevertebra to the anterior surface of the lamina of thevertebra above
attach to anterior part of capsule z joints
function to:
“brake” flexion
protect neural tissue

25
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

connects apices ofspinousprocesses fromC7 to sacrum
may be absent in low lumbar area
expands asligamentumnuchaeover cervicalarea
limits flexion

26
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

connectspinousprocesses of adjacentvertebrae
limits flexion

27
Q

Intertransverse ligament

A

connect transverse processes of adjacentvertebrae
limits lateral flexion

28
Q

Atlas (C1)

A

No body – has two lateral masses united by
two arches
* Features:
1. Anterior arch with anterior tubercle
2. Posterior arch with posterior tubercle
3. Transverse processes with transverse
foramina
4. Superior articular facets
5. Inferior articular facets
6. Facet for dens (odontoid process)

29
Q

Axis (C2)

A
  1. Body
  2. Spinous process
  3. Transverse processes with
    transverse foramina
  4. Superior articular facets
  5. Inferior articular facets
  6. Dens (odontoid process)
30
Q

Craniovertebral joints

A

Involve occipital condyles,
C1 and C2
* Include:
* Atlanto-occipital joints
* Atlanto-axial joints
* 1x median
* 2x lateral

31
Q

Atlanto-occipital joints classification

A

synovial, biaxial, ellipsoid (often considered a single joint)

32
Q
  • Articular surfaces: Atlanto-occipital joints
A

Superior articular facets of C1
* Occipital condyles of skull

33
Q
  • Articular capsules: Atlanto-occipital joints
A

thin and loose

34
Q

Atlanto-occipital joints * Movements (of head):

A

Flexion and extension
* Lateral flexion and rotation –
coupled contralaterally

35
Q

Atlanto-occipital joints – ligaments

A

anterior from anterior arch
of C1 to anterior margin of
foramen magnum
posterior from posterior arch
of C1 to posterior margin of
foramen magnum

  • Limit
    Flexion and extension
  • Lateral flexion and rotation –
    coupled contralaterally
36
Q

median atlanto-axial joint classification

A

Classification: synovial,
uniaxial, pivot

37
Q

lateral atlanto-axial joints. Classification

A

synovial,
multiaxial, plane
(zygapophyseal joints)

38
Q

median Atlanto-axial joints Articular surfaces:

A

Facet for dens on anterior arch of C1
* Dens of C2
* Transverse ligament of atlas

39
Q

lateral Atlanto-axial joints Articular surfaces:

A

Inferior articular facets of C1
* Superior articular facets of C2

40
Q
  • Transverse ligament of atlas
A

Spans between two lateral masses of C1
* Wraps posteriorly around the dens of
C2 to hold it in place against the
anterior arch of C1
* Limits anterior glide of C1 during
flexion
* Has two longitudinal bands extending
from it
* Superior: to anterior margin of
foramen magnum
* Inferior: to posterior surface of
body of C2

41
Q
  • Apical ligament of dens
A
  • From tip of dens to anterior margin of
    foramen magnum
  • Anterior to superior longitudinal band of
    cruciform ligament
42
Q
  • Alar ligaments
A

From tip of dens to medial sides of
occipital condyles
* Function: limit flexion, lateral flexion and
contralateral rotation of the head

43
Q
  • Tectorial membrane
A

Superior continuation of posterior
longitudinal ligament – from posterior
surface of body of C2 to anterior margin
of foramen magnum
* Posterior to cruciform ligament and alar
ligaments
* Function: limits flexion of the head

44
Q

Anterior and posterior atlanto-axial
membranes

A

Anterior: from anterior arch of C1
to anterior surface of body of C2
* Posterior: from posterior arch of C1
to vertebral arch of C2

45
Q

Ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament)

A

Not a “true” ligament of the neck
* Fibroelastic septum in the
midline of the posterior neck
* From spinous process of C7 to
occipital bone
* Superior continuation/expansion
of supraspinous ligament

46
Q

Uncovertebral joints (joints of Luschka) classification

A

synovial

47
Q

Uncovertebral joints (joints of Luschka) * Articular surfaces:

A

Lateral aspect of inferior
surface of vertebral body
above
* Uncinate process of vertebra
below

48
Q

how do Uncovertebral joints (joints of Luschka) develop and what movements allow

A
  • Develop as annulus fibrosus of
    IVDs degenerate
  • Large range of movement

anatomy (24 decks)

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