Week 9 Ab Flashcards
Measure dementia
Mini mental states dimension.
25+ is normal. Interesting measure
Dementia what is it?
Can hide own Easter eggs.
Loss of intellectuality ability (above what is expected noraml at an age. )
Loss memory, higher cortical issue .
Aphasia, apraxia motor coordination problem, adenosia, difficulty recognizing objects.
Not delirium,
Presumed organic factor.
Types of dementia
Vascular dementia,
HIV aids, hunting tons, substance abuse.
MANY DEMENTIAS that affect many disease states.
Alzheimer’s is
Most common form of dementia.
64% of dementia
Two types early and late onset.
Late onset more common.
Fate that awaits more and more people. Aging population
Alzheimer’s prevalence,
Few cases dev, before age of 50. Slightly more common in females.
Inhibiting factor for dev alz is ones level of cognitive functions, higher cognitive function less the likely hold of alz. So education now changing.
Alz course
Deficit onset, time, and s
On a continuum. Progression, small things to severe. 8-10 years.
Increased risk with mz, but not very heritable. 58%
early onset is quite heritable. Autosomal.
Autosonal alz
Early onset.
Chromosome 21 issues, about 1 in 29 cases.
Amyloid precursor gene (APE) effect buildup of amyloid, affects cholesterol transport. Leads to gobs of it in brain.
PlaQues and tangles ensue
Temporal recent memory effected first.
Hippocampus,
PlaQues and tangles ensue
Because of too much phosphorus,
Myth of aluminum,
Twisted fibres, also in down syn, tau protein involved in
Plaques build up of beta amyloid. Complex protein.
Debate if alz neurologically dif from the norm?
Etiology not understood,
Plaques tangl part of everyone’s brain, argument for simple matter of degree. Normal curve perhaps. Age shifts curve.
Apoe, phosphorous,
Only in 50% of alz
Also show insulin igg pathway, lack of insulin in. Brain
4 the type of diabetes ?
Genetic polymorphism, calhm
Mild cognitive deficits and later onset of alz.
Perhaps two distributions, normal brain and alz. Unsure.
Early cognitive deficits predicts later onset of alz.
Tau protein, more likely get alz.
Dsm V added new disorder
Mild neuro cognitive disroder.
Mild cog decline, produce decline modest impairment,
Still independant, not delirium or other mental disorder.
Highly dangerous category. Bill a lot of people. Inaccurate.
Ex. Plaques tangles, no good. Can still behave normally. Even if have seriously.
Culture related alz
Level of cog friending, predicts likely hood of developing alz.
Higher in western cultures. Control age and diet.
Lowest in Chinese,
It is not purely physical.
Alz not a disease, other things happen like
If alz once 130 all have.
Everton brain goes.
Myelination, continues into 50, decreases after 27-45% prefrontal cortex esp vulnerable.
Also cause plaques and tangles and also leads to cognitive decline,
Rowena poem, is an example
Tells of extreme pain, of caregivers for alz
Treatmentt for alz
All crap.
Drug, increase acetylcholine neurotransmitter.
Vitamin e, no effect. Trials, drugs to slow if anything.
Even a vaccine, worked with mice, but causese hydrocephalus.
No dif between drug and placebo, in number entering institutional care. Mental state score, no dif. For drug. Increasing acetylcholine does improve performance, but not in alz.
Caregivers. Alz
50% taken care of at home,
Mild dementia, likelihood of 16
Moderate 40% likelihood of depression.
Early indication of alz
Nun study Intersting,
Original letter of intent, girl wrote, when asked to get in to nunnery.
Mild cognitive deficit,
Simpler sentences more likely to get alz. Than those who wrote simpler. Abstract vs concrete,
Conscienciousness, higher means less likely to get alz.
Tangles and cognition connection. Wow.
Caveats about the brain.
Brain all important. Well..
- Hydrocephalics
Fluid brain, reduce brain size, in past. Lorbord study,
Guy with small brain was getting a masters.
Do well with little cortical tissue. Brain so split, well one area can do everything, how about localization, maybe it’s rubbish,
Sara, inter cerebral hemmorage. Breathing swallowing. Area.
Women, medically induced coma. Cool body, no effect on brain.
Flat EEG, she had, way to see if dead.
Detailed exactly what had gone on, during surgeon conversations
Waters, stress affect contagion
Moms react, externalized stress, can see it in dif in baby behaviour.
Stress neg, more than positive condition. Co variation stronge in neg condition, only
Annorexia, dbs study
Deep brain stimulation.
anorexia 6-11%
White matter bundle below c call osm, part of cingulate,
Adverse efct of seizure.
Bmi, all improved overall. Anxiety qol, pet induces glucose metab differ
Similarity to depression. Deep brain stimulation,
Parietal hypo metabolism reversed,
Latency of dbs
Pain,
No control group
Walsh anorexia imp.
How can a habit be well entrenched.
Action outcome: learn behaviour. Pavlov ex.
Stimulus response learning,
Different brain areas.
Myelination,
Usually starts in adolescence. Cortical dev. Ventral striatum. More activated.
Child adversity, might promote annorexial
Alm,acme,
Load and control of stress
Allo steric load, keep stable, nuts
Allostatic , eu stress ok most stress is neg. Aging and ses disparity. I’d biological mech of stress,
Adaptive calibration model.
Evolutionary perspective, history impact. Broadly examine body,
Change in life conditions can be helpful.
Think of them. As two level. Alm proximal, immediate.
Acm,global past.
Similarities,
Understanding and biological emphasis and survival advantage.
Role of stress shape behaviour biological trade offs, increase risk of metabolic problems.
Dif.
Acme think beef it possible only.
Developmental.
Cause: hpa axis programming, vs evolution
Disease cause: cumulative damage, miscalabratin of evolution and current situation.
Psychoanalysis 101- Freud lives
It has evolved.
And continues to.
Came from observations of other patients other psychiatrists were seeing.
Ex. Anna o. Hysteric, paralysis, anesthesia,
Breuer patient, 1/xday
Used CATHARSIS, aspect of all psychotherapy. Express relief in accepting manner,
HYPNOSIS. Recall things normally could not. Unconscious expe
Unconscious concept evolved,
Expressions. > unconsciousness > emotion > hysteria
FREE ASSOCIATIOn
Comment very little. Relaxed on couch, pay attention to what was not said, or when they hesitate. Pushed into unconscious lead to>
Repression,
Transference, led to sexual basis.
Real or fanticized.
Structures of personality (for Freud)
.Id, all Limbic hedonic,
ego (evolves out of Id according to reality principle. Uses defense mechanisms.
and superego. Folic stages it comes. Internalize society through parents. Demands and restrictions, disagree with Id
Closed system. Ego squeezed lead to symptoms.
Anna o
Sex with father, close proximity, symptoms had secondary gain,
