Ab Week 4

Question 0

The labeling model

Answer 0

1. Abnormality depends on context.

2. Effects what you and others do who label you.

Question 1

Dsm v article

Answer 1

Dsm v lowers prevalence slightly of autism. Definition changed again, unlikely to influence trend up. Minor results for geo’s and controls.

Question 2

Can’t rely on individual, poor introspection. Study. Of feedback

Answer 2

And felt good or better, payed attention to them. Frequency increased. Bad decreEzed. 
Positive conditioning, 
B
So who's healthy or sicker?
Depends on definition, 
Problem with personal labeling
Statistical labeling, way from norm. 
Abnormal intellectual functioning. Iq, treat either end differently,

Question 3

Statistical labeling problems

Answer 3

Not always normal.
Definitions and predictability
Poor procedures

Question 4

Consequences of labeling

Answer 4

Patients and others effected.
Those labeled, spend longer in hospital, less likely to seek help or help themselves. Profound detrimental effects of labeling. Abnormal transiet, label is permanent.
Blind, partially sighted. Do better,

Question 5

Why label?

Answer 5

Comfort, think we understand
Scientific reasons: description, prediction, measurement control
Related to validity: do something about it very particularly

Question 6

Rio to clinically label

Answer 6

1 High reliability in label use, different dr same results. R should be .90 but do not come close

2. Advantage must exceed disadvantages, cost benefit analysis.
   Cancer cost not diagnosing quite high,
   Has to be done for all interventions. Not just side effects.

Question 7

Diagnostically

Answer 7

Account for the lawfulness of the behaviour, the WHY it is happening being done
Account for the label,

Question 8

Labeling means. Classification.

Is classification an imperialistic, control freak of dsm

Answer 8

Repackaging human sorrow, with billable disease,

Answer is it is both

Question 9

The psychiatrist bible

Answer 9

Now since 2013, dsm v
Should have red ink, not to be taken literally.
“Billable bible”

Question 10

Definition of a mental disorder

Answer 10

1. Clinically significant disturbance which mens
   Drawn to attention of a physician,
   Conseq of syndrome,
   Note: majority are not treated! Uh oh
   Therfore, shows that we control the problem,
2. A syndrome
   Collection of things, series add to problem.
   Physical and operational definitions. Therefore can be used.
3. Dysfunction
   Problem IN the individual def. circular reasoning, what is dysfunction in individual. How do you know.
4. Significant distress
   Almost all have distress, has to have consequences -ve effect life, personal, interaction,occupation etc,
5. Death loved one not mental disorder, grief. 2 weeks limit, from 2 months. Jeeze child grief is years!
6. Not socielral Deviant behViour, not disorder, unless dysfunction in individual
   Due to the simple illness model

Mental health vs legal business but heads.

Question 11

History of dsm

Answer 11

Classifications not new, 
Composition of fluids phlegm, 
Dsm 1 Myers, 
Ppl reacting to stress more vulnerable 
Ditch dsm 1. In favor of psychoanalysis. 
Iii physical and operational.

Question 12

Why develop new dsm?

Answer 12

1. Tmi
Change warranted 
Problems with the system 
 Reliability 
Competition with who 
 Tried to harmonize the two in dsm v
Extend role of psychiTry, problems living, to billable hours
More disorders created, natural behaviour called mental illness.

Question 13

Shifted disorder

Answer 13

Disrupted mood, temper tantrum disorder now!

Question 14

How to develop dsm

Answer 14

Trustees, chair person and guiding comittee sub comittee, assigned each chapter heading, meets extensively, make proposed changed, reviewed task force, edit, board can change, sent to other groups. Draft 25 000 comments, filed tests, reliVility, newsletter,reviewed, published.
Dsm IV 5 million
Dsm v 25 million dollar cost

Issues of c of I , x = 69% financial ties to pharmaceutical industry
Committees psychiTry and big pharma, rgue same thing

Question 15

Pms is now a mental illness

Answer 15

There because see, Eli Lilly drug company Prozac off patent,
Seraphin, for pmdd, is Prozac! Needs a disorder, drug salesman smust sell for a specific drug to specific disorder.
Many drugs used off label.

Question 16

Dsm theories are

Answer 16

Unreliable, untestable. now just dealing with behaviours.
So dsm, more strict, multimodel approach. WITH HISTORY.
Not a list of other things!
Try to achieve gate reliability.
But what about field studies, well they sucked. For dsm v
Studies probably bad, hopefully. But could be dsm is bad.

Question 17

To get reliability

Answer 17

Increase specificity, checklist
Training affects reliability
Differs geographically
Amount of information: normal curve, success info, optimal curve

Question 18

Specific as possible but

Answer 18

100% coverage needed! impossible to have excellent reliability.
Need term for every patient, so they get paid!
Need nos, garbage can category.
Added mild category , remove nos.

Serve two competing goals, no good if scientific, if need word for every disorder that exists. Omg.

Question 19

Bipolar article

Answer 19

Emotions issues, positive emotions and sensitive to rewards. Shown in neuroscience.
Less white matter and grey matter, difficult emotional regulation. Expressin.
Resting state changes dependant on mood, ?

Question 20

We want high eeliability so we

Answer 20

Make things more specific, but system serves reliability and coverage, 100% coverage!
Then need categories loose and by definition unrealiabel.

Question 21

Psychologists often use

Answer 21

Unreliable diagnoses, rather than the reliable specific disease.

Question 22

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 22

Reliability, .55, 20% of diagnoses though.

Question 23

Multi axial assessment

Answer 23

OUT of dsm v! Gone that is.

Required 
Clinical diagnosis, 
Personality
General medical conditions
Psychosocial and environmental problems
Global assessment functioning: scale of severity of problems.

Omg almost holistic approach.
Depression need medication and therpay to prevent relapse,
Example of impotence guy medication. Need simple q’s

Question 24

Lack of reliability and what has been found

Answer 24

Does not reflect dsm
Problem with genetic biological things,
Symptoms sets differ. Behaviours. Biology overlapse.

Question 25

Rdoc guiding prinicples

Answer 25

Ts a DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM from normal to abnormal so on a continuum.

2. Agnostic about dsm,
3. Different units of analysis are used, holstic multifunctional interaction all system.

Question 26

See human behaviour as

Answer 26

Negative positive valence systems,
Socail process,
Perception self other
Arousal systems, regulatory systems,

Question 27

EDPC idealistic

Answer 27

Costly, we’ll see

Question 28

Names are browsed not found,

Answer 28

Nosology precedes,

Walling quote

Question 29

To classify and diagnose, u need a method.

Methods of evaluation

Answer 29

Interview,
rating scales
Psychological tests
Biological methods.

Question 30

Interview (diagnostic)

Differ from helping rela interview

Answer 30

Most used,
Least reliability, and validity

3 stages,
exploration, understanding, action no?
Well…

note judge ppl in milliseconds, another limitation of interview

Rapport, 
  Data collection stage,
   Attend to what, room for error, continuum directiveness. 
Hypothesis testing. 
  Testing ideas
  Refferal letter influences

Treatment you get depends wha door you walk through. Biased. !

Question 31

Prescription things underlying 1/3 don’t fill , 1/3 fill barely use, 1/3 use

Answer 31

Rapport building!

Question 32

Aggressive male seen as

Answer 32

Situational disturbance,
Whereas passive male more likely told depressed or psychotic
For wormen, more likely depressed, but bod and psychotic happen for 1/4 each.
Different treatments though!

Question 33

Rating scales

Answer 33

Line,
Ex. hemmelton rating scale for depression often used.

Really a structured interview and lots of errors,
Error of leniency, non normal distributed
Error central tendency.
Halo effect, context imp.

Quantify difficul to measure things, meanings unclear

Question 34

Psychological tests

Answer 34

Long histroy
What is a good test (MEASURE
Reliable, valid, applicable

Question 35

Reliability

Answer 35

Respeatability,

Problem is learning set,
Equivalent form

^split half, ordered difficulty. Correlate odds with evens,
Internal consistancy.

Question 36

Error in reliability

Answer 36

Subjects
Tester
Situation

Question 37

Article on performance and self image

Answer 37

CorrelTe low at .3

Depends on tasks, more accurate for more specific ones.